Reliability and validity of the Observational Gait Scale in children with spastic diplegia

Mackey, Anna; Lobb, Glenis A.; Walt, Sharon E.; Stott, N. Susan

doi:10.1017/s0012162203000021

Cited by 48 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This could be related to a lack of congruity in the terminology. For example, a 'narrow base of support' is defined in the literature as having poor knee clearance [28]. This raises questions as to whether a child who walks with their knees together in an adducted position and the feet positioned at normal distance apart has a narrow or normal base of support [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the gluteus medius improves the gait of children with cerebral palsy

AlAbdulwahab

Al-Khatrawi

2009

NRE

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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the gluteus medius muscles using a surface electrode during functional walking training has never been reported as a management option to improve gait in spastic diplegic children.Purpose: This study was investigates the short and longer term effects of simultaneous continuous NMES of both hip abductors during walking on the temporal-spatial gait characteristics and hip adductor muscle tone in children with spastic diplegia caused by cerebral palsy (CP). Subjects: Three groups of subjects participated: an experimental group of twenty-one ambulant spastic diplegic children; a CP control group containing ten ambulant spastic diplegic children; and a healthy control group with twenty normal children. Method: The experimental group received three different NMES management programs. The first NMES program was designed to evaluate the immediate short-term effects of simultaneous continuous NMES of both gluteus medius muscles during walking. The second NMES program aimed to evaluate the effect of 15 minutes of simultaneous and continuous NMES of both gluteus medius muscles during walking, three sessions a day for a week. The third program was similar to the first and was designed to detect any additional changes in gait after full adaptation to NMES and completion of the second program. A dual channel stimulator with self-adhesive electrodes at the tolerable motor threshold level was used with a frequency of 20 Hz and pulse width of 50 µs. The effect of NMES programs was assessed using a three-dimensional gait analysis system and the Modified Ashworth Scale. Results: Significant improvement in the temporal-spatial parameters and hip adductor muscle tone of the experimental group (p < 0.001-0.05) was observed. Conclusion: The NMES management programs used in this study improved the gait of spastic diplegic CP children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the gluteus medius improves the gait of children with cerebral palsy

AlAbdulwahab

Al-Khatrawi

2009

NRE

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“…The first four sections of the OGS were found to have moderate to excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability when used with older children with spastic diplegic CP, while base of support and hindfoot position had poor to substantial intra-rater and inter-rater reliability (Mackey, Lobb, Walt, and Stott, 2003). When using observational gait assessment with children with CP, it has been recommended that longitudinal assessments of an individual should be completed by one rater to improve reliability (Maathuis et al, 2005).…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of the use of a dual-channel functional electrical stimulation system on gait, balance and balance confidence of an adult with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy

Robinson

Williamson

Cook

et al. 2014

Physiotherapy Theory and Practice

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The purpose of this case report is to determine the effects of a dual-channel functional electrical stimulation (FES) system on gait and balance of a 57-year-old male diagnosed with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Outcome measures included the: Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC); Dynamic Gait Index (DGI); Observational Gait Scale (OGS) and Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA). Assessments were completed with and without use of FES during the initial examination and after two, four and six weeks of intervention with FES. ABC Scale scores improved from 32.8 to 48.1% during the 6-week intervention. Scores on the DGI improved from 6/24 to 9/24 without FES and from 9/24 to 14/24 with FES. OGS scores improved on both legs with and without FES. Tinetti POMA scores improved from 12/28 to 15/28 without FES and decreased from 16/28 to 15/28 with FES. The patient demonstrated improvement in both objective and subjective measures. The use of FES facilitated improved gait and balance; however, the patient was still at increased risk for falls after the 6-week intervention despite improved scores on the ABC Scale, DGI, OGS and Tinetti POMA.

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“…The OGS was used to assess changes in the walking pattern before and after the overground BWS gait training (Mackey et al, 2003). This assessment consisted of a 4-point Likert scale that rated the knee's position at midstance, position of the foot at initial contact, position of the foot at midstance, timing of heel rise, position of the hind foot at midstance, width of the base of support, and use of an assistive device.…”

Section: Observational Gait Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with previous research, our primary outcome measure was preferred walking speed. Our secondary outcome measures were changes in cadence, Gross Motor Function Measure Section E (Russell, Rosenbaum, Avery, & Lane, 2002), the Supported Walker Ambulation Performance Scale (SWAPS) (Malouin, Richards, Menier, Dumas, & Marcoux, 1997), and the Observational Gait Scale (OGS) (Mackey, Lobb, Walt, & Stott, 2003). Lastly, we described differences between younger and older participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overground Body-Weight-Supported Gait Training for Children and Youth with Neuromuscular Impairments

Kurz

Stuberg

DeJong

et al. 2013

Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics

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The aim of this investigation was to determine if body-weight-supported (BWS) overground gait training has the potential to improve the walking abilities of children and youth with childhood onset motor impairments and intellectual disabilities. Eight participants (mean age of 16.3 years) completed 12 weeks of BWS overground gait training that was performed two times a week. BWS was provided during the training sessions by an overhead harness system that rolls overground. There was a significant improvement in the preferred walking speed after the training (p < .01; pre = 0.51 ± 0.2 m/s; post = 0.67 ± 0.3 m/s; Cohen's d = 0.80) and cadence (p = .04; pre = 37 ± 7 steps/min; post = 43 ± 8 steps/min; Cohen's d = 0.94). Our results indicate that overground BWS gait training may be an effective treatment strategy for improving the preferred walking speed of children and youth with motor impairments.

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Reliability and validity of the Observational Gait Scale in children with spastic diplegia

Cited by 48 publications

References 18 publications

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the gluteus medius improves the gait of children with cerebral palsy

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the gluteus medius improves the gait of children with cerebral palsy

Examination of the use of a dual-channel functional electrical stimulation system on gait, balance and balance confidence of an adult with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy

Overground Body-Weight-Supported Gait Training for Children and Youth with Neuromuscular Impairments

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