Reliability and Validity of the Evaluation Tool of Children’s Handwriting–Cursive (ETCH–C) Using the General Scoring Criteria

Abstract

The ETCH-C, using the general scoring criteria, is a reliable and valid test of handwriting for children using alternative scripts.

Review of Occupational Therapy Research in the Practice Area of Children and Youth

“…Two articles reported on instruments with items classified to measure constructs that fall within the ICF domain of Activity. Duff and Goyen (2010) reported on an instrument designed to measure handwriting performance. Josman, Goffer and Rosenblum (2010) reported on the development of an instrument that measured the child’s activity performance in prescribed functional tasks performed in ecologically valid environments (e.g.…”

Graphomotor skills in children with prenatal alcohol exposure and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A population‐based study in remote Australia

“…The ETCH is a criterion‐referenced, standardised measure of handwriting ability suitable for primary‐school aged children (Amundson). It has moderate to high intra‐rater, inter‐rater and test–retest reliability for letter and word legibility, and good discriminant and concurrent validity (Duff & Goyen, ). Children could choose whether to use a cursive or manuscript handwriting style, because local schools teach both styles.…”

Comprehension of handwriting development: Pen‐grip kinetics in handwriting tasks and its relation to fine motor skills among school‐age children

“…To help children get ready to write or address any handwriting problems they may have, occupational therapists often use standardised assessments (Alhusaini, Melam & Buragadda, 2016;Chang, Yu & Shie, 2009;Duff & Goyen, 2010;Li-Tsang et al, 2012;Prunty, Barnett, Wilmut & Plumb, 2016) to determine specific writing problems. Since more objective and quantitative tools are needed, several studies have presented computer-based handwriting assessments that utilise spatial and temporal measurements, as well as assessing pen-tip force via tablet systems (Alamargot & Morin, 2015;Bisio et al, 2016;Chang & Yu, 2014;Lee, Howe, Chen & Wang, 2016).…”