Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form for inpatients with schizophrenia

Abstract

BackgroundThe evaluation of childhood trauma is essential for the treatment of schizophrenia. The short form of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) is a widely used measure of the experience of childhood trauma in the general population. Nevertheless, data regarding the psychometric property of CTQ-SF for assessing childhood trauma of patients with schizophrenia are very limited.MethodsTwo hundred Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia completed the Chinese CTQ-SF, the Child Psychological Maltreatment Scale (CPMS), the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Dissociative Experiences Scale-II (DES-II). To assess test-retest reliability of the CTQ-SF, all patients completed the CTQ-SF again two weeks later. Concurrent and convergent validity was assessed by analyzing Pearson bivariate correlation coefficients between CTQ-SF and CPMS, IES-R, and DES-II.ResultsThe Cronbach’s α coefficient of the Chinese CTQ-SF was 0.81, and the two-week re-test reliability was 0.81 (P<0.01). The criterion-related validity coefficients of CTQ-SF with the CMPS, IES-R and DES-II were 0.61, 0.41, and 0.51, respectively.ConclusionThe Chinese CTQ-SF has satisfactory psychometric properties to measure childhood abuse or neglect in Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia.

Ontological insecurity II: Relationship to attachment, childhood trauma, and subclinical psychotic‐like experiences

“…There is also a Minimization–Denial subscale (Bernstein et al, ). Cronbach's α is strong and consistently excellent for the three Abuse subscales ranging from 0.81 to 0.94 (Forde et al, ; Gunther et al, ; Jiang et al, ). Although the internal consistency of the two Neglect subscales has fluctuated more markedly, ranging from 0.61 to 0.91 (Forde et al, ; Gunther et al, ; Jiang et al, ; Paivio & Cramer, ; Spinhoven et al, ), α's at the lower end of this range are considered acceptable (Taber, ).…”

“…The 28-item CTQ-SF has been translated into several languages and is a well-validated and widely used measure of childhood trauma and neglect within both clinical and nonclinical populations (Bernstein et al, 2003;Gunther, Dannlowski, Kersting, & Suslow, 2015;Jiang et al 2018;Scher, Stein, Asmundson, McCreary, & Forde, 2001;Spinhoven et al 2014;Thombs, Bernstein, Lobbestael, & Arntz, 2009). The instrument consists of five clinical subscales confirmed reliably by factor analysis: Physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect (Forde, Baron, Scher, & Stein, 2012;Paivio & Cramer, 2004;Spinhoven et al, 2014;Thombs et al 2009).…”

“…There is also a Minimization-Denial subscale (Bernstein et al, 2003). Cronbach's α is strong and consistently excellent for the three Abuse subscales ranging from 0.81 to 0.94 (Forde et al, 2012;Gunther et al, 2015;Jiang et al, 2018).…”

“…Although the internal consistency of the two Neglect subscales has fluctuated more markedly, ranging from 0.61 to 0.91 (Forde et al, 2012;Gunther et al, 2015;Jiang et al, 2018;Paivio & Cramer, 2004;Spinhoven et al, 2014), α's at the lower end of this range are considered acceptable (Taber, 2018). The MHHQ, developed in a previous study (Marlowe et al, 2019) requires participants to respond YES or NO to five items, relating to their individual mental health history, as well as to a sixth item relating to their family mental health history.…”

Evaluation of childhood traumatic experience as a risk factor for alcohol use disorder in adulthood

“…Childhood trauma was assessed by childhood trauma questionnaire short form (CTQ-SF) [21], Chinese version, which is a retrospective self-report measurement with five dimensions: emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. The scores obtained from five different dimensions were used to assess childhood experiences.…”