Reliability and Validity of DSM-IV Axis V

Hilsenroth, Mark J.; Ackerman, Steven J.; Blagys, Matthew D.; Baumann, B.D.; Baity, Matthew R.; Smith, Steven R.; Price, Jennifer L.; Smith, Candy L.; Heindselman, Tracy L.; Mount, M.K.; Holdwick, Daniel J.

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1858

Cited by 390 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Global assessment of functioning (GAF) was employed to assess global functioning of the patients. The scale has shown adequate reliability and validity indices (9). Five subscales of the adult Wechsler test were used to measure the baseline IQ of the patients; i.e., digit symbols, similarities, block design, vocabulary, and comprehension.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Computer-Assisted Cognitive Remediation on Improving Cognitive Functions in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Before-After Study

Sharifi

Sedighnia

Ataie

et al. 2016

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: Cognitive impairment is a chronic and disabling manifestation of schizophrenia. Objectives: This before-after study was conducted to examine the effect of a short course computer-assisted cognitive remediation on improving cognitive functions of patients with schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with schizophrenia were enrolled into the study. The intervention consisted of 10 onehour sessions held 2-3 times a week, using the Cogpack software that includes tasks to improve attention, memory, and executive function. The patients' cognitive functioning was assessed before and after the remediation, using tests in the CANTAB battery, including stop signal task (SST) and choice reaction time (CRT) to assess attention levels, pattern recognition memory (PRM) and Paired associate learning (PAL) to examine memory, and stocking of Cambridge (SOC) and intra-extra dimensional task (IED) to evaluate executive function. Results: IED and SOC revealed a statistically significant improvement in executive function after the intervention. PAL revealed a significant improvement in memory functioning in most aspects after the intervention, while PRM did not. CRT showed a significant improvement in some aspects of attention and concentration after the intervention, while SST did not. Conclusions: This before-after study revealed that a relatively short course of a computer-assisted cognitive remediation can be applied to improve several aspects of cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia. A randomized controlled trial is required to establish the effectiveness of the intervention.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Computer-Assisted Cognitive Remediation on Improving Cognitive Functions in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Before-After Study

Sharifi

Sedighnia

Ataie

et al. 2016

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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“…Thus, in this study, the diagnostic criteria for PMDD were augmented by the severity criterion of a 30% increase in mean negative mood during the week before menses compared with the week after menses, a more stringent criterion than that of DSM-4 or 5 (American Psychiatric Association, 1994;American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The global assessment of functioning scale (GAF) score (Hilsenroth et al, 2000) was Figure 1 Study schematic-effects of the 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride on symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Women were either self-referred to our clinic in response to advertisements in the local newspapers or were referred by their personal physicians.…”

Section: Participant Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

5α-Reductase Inhibition Prevents the Luteal Phase Increase in Plasma Allopregnanolone Levels and Mitigates Symptoms in Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Martinez¹,

Rubinow

Nieman

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

115

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Changes in neurosteroid levels during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle may precipitate affective symptoms. To test this hypothesis, we stabilized neurosteroid levels by administering the 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride to block conversion of progesterone to its neurosteroid metabolite allopregnanolone in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and in asymptomatic control women. Sixteen women with prospectively confirmed PMDD and 16 control women participated in one of two separate randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trials, each lasting three menstrual cycles. After one menstrual cycle of single-blind placebo, participants were randomized to receive, for the next two menstrual cycles, either double-blind placebo or dutasteride (low-dose 0.5 mg/ day in the first eight PMDD and eight control women or high-dose 2.5 mg/day in the second group of women). All women completed the daily rating form (DRF) and were evaluated in clinic during the follicular and luteal phases of each menstrual cycle. Main outcome measures were the DRF symptoms of irritability, sadness, and anxiety. Analyses were performed with SAS PROC MIXED. In the low-dose group, no significant effect of dutasteride on PMDD symptoms was observed compared with placebo (ie, symptom cyclicity maintained), and plasma allopregnanolone levels increased in women with PMDD from follicular to the luteal phases, suggesting the absence of effect of the lowdose dutasteride on 5α-reductase. In contrast, the high-dose group experienced a statistically significant reduction in several core PMDD symptoms (ie, irritability, sadness, anxiety, food cravings, and bloating) on dutasteride compared with placebo. Dutasteride had no effect on mood in controls. Stabilization of allopregnanolone levels from the follicular to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle by blocking the conversion of progesterone to its 5α-reduced neurosteroid metabolite mitigates symptoms in PMDD. These data provide preliminary support for the pathophysiologic relevance of neurosteroids in this condition.

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“…Global level of functioning was measured by the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale [GAF (Hilsenroth et al, 2000)], a single-item expert rating scale for evaluating current overall psychological, social, and professional functioning on a continuum from psychological sickness to health. The GAF scale values range from 1 to 100, representing the hypothetically sickest person to the hypothetically healthiest.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional impairment due to physical disorders is disregarded in the evaluation of the GAF score. The GAF exhibits very high interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.92, Spearman-Brown corrected) (Hilsenroth et al, 2000). These are based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (World Health Organization, 2001) that classifies impairments in body functions and structure; activity limitations; participation restrictions; and environmental factors caused by mental or physical illness.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%