Reliability and validity of a brief version of the Questionnaire  of Olfactory Disorders (brief QOD) in patients with olfactory dysfunction

Zou, L-q.; Haehner, Antje; Menzel, Susanne; Gunder, Nadine; Hummel, Thomas

doi:10.4193/rhin21.059

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As mentioned in the introduction, a number of studies have now looked at the ODQ or derivations of it. Zou et al 25 studied 372 participants with olfactory dysfunction and included threshold, discrimination, identification scores from the Sniffin’ Sticks along with results of the brief version of the ODQ. They showed that olfactory function was found to be associated with parosmia, quality of life and VAS subsections of the questionnaire.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire: Scaling severity of quality‐of‐life impact

Garden

Kumaresan

Clark

et al. 2023

Clinical Otolaryngology

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Background: The Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (ODQ) is widely used for patients suffering from olfactory disorders to depict the impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to scale and produce reference values for patients ODQ score according to Becks Depression Inventory (BDI) severity.Methods: In this prospective study, a cross-sectional anonymous survey was created, which combined EQ-5D-5L, BDI and ODQ. Correlation was calculated between the three questionnaires. Receiver operator characteristic curves were created to produce cut-off values for ODQ scores based on three BDI categories (mild, borderline clinical and moderate-to-severe depression).Results: Of the 578 who responded to the survey, 445 completed all sections and were included in the study. Majority were female (n = 327,73.5%), median age group 55-70 years (n = 193,43.4%). There was a strong correlation between BDI score and total ODQ score. There was a clear gradient in total ODQ score for each BDI classification; those with mild depression had the lowest mean ODQ score (101.8, range 39-168), those with moderate-to-severe depression had the highest (138.24, range 74-177). Due to overlapping of confidence intervals we were unable to grade the ODQ score. Conclusion:The study was unable to generate reference values for the ODQ due to lower numbers of patients with borderline clinical to extreme depression. However, we were able to appreciate the general trend, that the higher the ODQ score, the higher the risk of depression. These findings should guide clinical practice to ensure appropriate care and support is provided for those with olfactory dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire: Scaling severity of quality‐of‐life impact

Garden

Kumaresan

Clark

et al. 2023

Clinical Otolaryngology

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“…Furthermore, quality of life was evaluated using the brief version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (brief QOD) [43]. This questionnaire consists of 14 items related to patient-reported outcomes in olfactory-speci c quality of life (QOD-QOL, 7 items), parosmia (QOD-P, 4 items) and 3 different visual analogue scales (QOD-VAS).…”

Section: Clinical Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Calprotectin as a Potential Biomarker of Persistent Olfactory Dysfunctions in Post-COVID-19 Patients

Francavilla,

Velletrani,

Fiorelli

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective and Design: This longitudinal prospective study aims to investigate the potential of circulating calprotectin (cCLP) as a biomarker in persistent olfactory dysfunctions following COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods Thirty-six patients with persistent hyposmia or anosmia post COVID-19 were enrolled (HT0) and re-evaluated after three months of olfactory training (HT1). Two control groups included 18 subjects without olfactory defects post COVID-19 (CG1) and 18 healthy individuals (CG2). Nasal and blood samples were collected to assess circulating calprotectin levels. Results Higher calprotectin levels were observed in serum and nasal supernatant of hyposmic patients (HT0) compared to control groups (CG1 and CG2). Post-olfactory training (HT1), olfactory function improved significantly, paralleled by decreased calprotectin levels in serum and nasal samples. Conclusions Circulating calprotectin holds potential as a biomarker in persistent olfactory dysfunctions after COVID-19. The decrease in calprotectin levels post-olfactory training implies a role in monitoring and evaluating treatment responses. These findings contribute to the growing literature on potential biomarkers in post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunctions and underscore the importance of investigating novel biomarkers for personalized patient management. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to validate the application of calprotectin assay in nasal diseases and its correlation with nasal cytology.

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“…Despite the significant impact of OD on patients’ quality of life, there is currently only one validated specific instrument available to assess it in individuals with olfactory dysfunction: the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD), which exists in both a full length 8 and a short version 9 . Proposed in 2005 by Frasnelli and Hummel 8 , QOD is a self-administered instrument designed specifically to assess the impact of OD on patients’ quality of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and reliability of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders for Italian-speaking patients with olfactory dysfunction

Vaira,

Tirelli,

Rizzo

et al. 2024

Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital

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SUMMARY Objective To translate and validate an Italian version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (IT-QOD). Materials and methods This is a prospective, multicentre study that involved patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD). Both cases and controls underwent administration of the IT-QOD, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) and psychophysical evaluation of orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function. Results The IT-QOD was administered to 96 patients and 38 controls. The Cronbach’s alpha exceeded 0.90, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. The test-retest reliability was found to be high for both parosmia (rs = 0.944) and life quality (rs = 0.969). Patients with OD had significantly higher IT-QOD scores compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.001), indicating strong internal validity. The external validity was also satisfactory, as shown by the significant correlation with SNOT-22 (rs = -0.54) and the threshold, discrimination, and identification score (rs = -0.63). Conclusions The IT-QOD was demonstrated to be reliable and valid to assess the impact of OD on the quality of life of Italian-speaking patients.

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Reliability and validity of a brief version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (brief QOD) in patients with olfactory dysfunction

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire: Scaling severity of quality‐of‐life impact

Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire: Scaling severity of quality‐of‐life impact

Circulating Calprotectin as a Potential Biomarker of Persistent Olfactory Dysfunctions in Post-COVID-19 Patients

Validity and reliability of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders for Italian-speaking patients with olfactory dysfunction

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