Reliability and smallest worthwhile difference in 1RM tests according to previous resistance training experience in young women

Abstract

Strength testing reliability INTRODUCTIONThe one-repetition maximum (1RM) test is the premier method used to determine relative loads for prescribing resistance training (RT) program intensity and to assess changes in muscle strength during RT [1,2]. Its popularity is related to factors such as the possibility of evaluating various muscle groups, ease of administration, low cost, and lack of need for sophisticated equipment. It is considered to be a safe and valid indicator for the estimation of muscle strength in different populations [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].The most widely used exercises utilized for measuring strength are the bench press (BP) and squat (SQ) [12][13][14][15]. In addition, the arm curl (AC) is a common component of training programs [16,17] and provides measurement of a smaller muscle group frequently utilized for upper-body manual tasks. Several studies have shown that to obtain stable 1RM measures in these exercises, previous familiarization sessions are needed [18][19][20][21][22]. Variables such as age [18,19], gender [18,[20][21][22][23] ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to determine the familiarization and smallest worthwhile difference (SWD) of one-repetition maximum (1RM) tests in detrained women according to their previous resistance training experience. Three groups of women with varying amounts of previous resistance training experience were recruited: Novice (n = 27, 1 to 6 months), Intermediate (n = 13, from 7 to 12 months), and Advanced (n = 20, 13 to 24 months). All participants performed four 1RM test sessions in the bench press (BP), squat (SQ), and arm curl (AC). A significant (p< 0.05) (group vs. time) interaction was observed in SQ suggesting that more experienced participants needed fewer 1RM test sessions to reach a stable load compared to the less experienced groups. Strength changes (p<0.05) observed in BP and AC occurred with no significant interaction for groups (p> 0.05), suggesting that experience had no impact on familiarization for these lifts. SWDs suggest that strength gains greater than 2-4% in these lifts would indicate a meaningful improvement in strength beyond random variation from trial to trial no matter the experience of the subject. Women with limited previous resistance training experience do not require more trials to reach load stabilization than those with more experience. Stability of 1RM loads for BP and AC may require only two sessions, while SQ may require at least three trials. CITATION:

Reliability of kettlebell swing one and five repetition maximum

“…As a result, for a change in performance to be considered practically useful it must not only exceed the TE/CV% but in this case also exceed the SWC ( Appleby, Cormack & Newton, 2019 ; Appleby, Newton & Cormack, 2019 ). The findings of this work are similar to those of previous work examining a range of exercises such as the bench press, squat and arm curls where the TE/CV% was less than the SWC ( do Nascimento et al, 2017 ). An arguably more relevant aspect is the signal-to-noise ratio ( Crowcroft et al, 2017 ; Ryan, Kempton & Coutts, 2020 ).…”

“…The findings of this research are in agreement with previous work in terms of the impact of familiarization, as reliability remained largely unchanged when the difference in trial one vs trial two and trial two vs trial three performance is considered ( Banyard, Nosaka & Haff, 2017 ; Grgic et al, 2020 ; Ritti-Dias et al, 2011 ; Seo et al, 2012 ). This suggests that a single familiarization trial is sufficient to reduce the impact of a substantial learning effect ( Bridgeman et al, 2016 ; do Nascimento et al, 2017 ). Furthermore, the reliability values for both the 1RM and 5RM (ICC = 0.97–0.98, CV = 2.1–2.7%) swing are towards the top of the range reported for different exercises in a similar population (ICC = 0.64–0.99, CV = 0.5–7.8%) ( Grgic et al, 2020 ).…”

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Longitudinal Effects of Unilateral Knee Extension Exercise on Muscle Strength

“…Gender (Donnelly and Smith, 2005 ; Ribeiro et al, 2014a , b ) and the overall general physical condition of the subjects play a (significant) role (Ritti-Dias et al, 2011 ; Hrysomallis and Buttifant, 2012 ; Benton et al, 2013 ; Ribeiro et al, 2014b ; do Nascimento et al, 2017 ; Weakley et al, 2017 ). The overall number of subjects (see section 3.1) are such that one would not expect much impact.…”

Validity, Reliability, and Sensitivity of Mobile Applications to Assess Change of Direction Speed

“…The typical error (TE) was a measure of variation between two trials used in test-retest reliability analyses ( Hopkins, 2007 ). When the typical error was less than the smallest worthwhile change, the evaluated test (or test device) was considered sensitive ( Nascimento et al, 2017 ). These values were interpreted as follows: marginal (TE > SWC), satisfactory (TE = SWC), or good (TE < SWC) ( Hopkins, 2007 ).…”