Abstract:Upper cervical spine injuries are the most severe traumatic lesions that affect the spine, and are potentially associated with tetraplegia, respiratory dysfunction and even sudden death 1,2,3,4 . These include injuries that may affect the occipital condyles, the atlas and the axis, as well as their adjacent ligamentous and facet joints. The stability of most of this region relies on powerful and complex ligamentous support, which allows the majority of cervical rotation (especially in the atlanto-axial joints)… Show more
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