Reliability and Predictive Validity of Dental Arch Relationships Using the 5-Year-Olds’ Index and the GOSLON Yardstick to Determine Facial Growth

Pegelow, Marie; Rizell, Sara; Karsten, Agneta; Mark, Hans; Lilja, Jan; Chalien, Midia Najar; Lemberger, Mathias; Peterson, Petra; Fitzsimons, Kate J; Deacon, Scott; Medina, Jibby; Calvert, Mary; Mars, Michael

doi:10.1177/1055665620960971

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The predictive validity was similar for MHB and 5YO indices and GOSLON Yardstick, with a 50–65% prediction of final outcome (at age 15–20 years) from 5 to 10 years ( 21 ). Recently, the reliability and predictive validity of the 5YO index and GOSLON Yardstick were evaluated in patients with UCLP at 5, 7/8, 10, 15/16, and 19 years ( 37 ). The predictive value of ‘good’ dental arch relationship scores (1 and 2) over time was good in all age groups ( n = 106), whereas the prediction of cases in group 3 was very poor at all ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scandcleft randomized trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: comparison of dental arch relationships and dental indices at 5, 8, and 10 years

Heliövaara

Küseler

Skaare

et al. 2021

European Journal of Orthodontics

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Summary Background and trial design The Scandcleft intercentre study evaluates the outcomes of four surgical protocols (common method Arm A, and methods B, C, and D) for treatment of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in a set of three randomized trials of primary surgery (Trials 1, 2, and 3). Objectives To evaluate and compare dental arch relationships of 5-, 8-, and 10-year-old children with UCLP after four different protocols of primary surgery and to compare three dental indices. The results are secondary outcomes of the overall trial. Methods Study models taken at the ages of 5 (n = 418), 8 (n = 411), and 10 years (n = 410) were analysed by a blinded panel of orthodontists using the Eurocran index, the 5-year-olds’ (5YO) index, and the GOSLON Yardstick. Student’s t-test, Pearson’s correlation, chi-square test, and kappa statistics were used in statistical analyses. Results The reliability of the dental indices varied between moderate and very good, and those of the Eurocran palatal index varied between fair and very good. Significant correlations existed between the dental indices at all ages. No differences were found in the mean 5-, 8-, and 10-year index scores or their distributions within surgical trials. Comparisons between trials detected significantly better mean index scores in Trial 2 Arm C (at all ages) and in Trial 1 Arm B (at 5 and 10 years of age) than in Trial 3 Arm D. The mean Eurocran dental index scores of the total material at 5, 8, and 10 years of age were 2.50, 2.60, and 2.26, and those of the 5YO index and GOSLON Yardstick were 2.77, 2.90, and 2.54, respectively. At age 10 years, 75.8% of the patients had had orthodontic treatment. Conclusions The results of these three trials do not provide evidence that one surgical method is superior to the others. The reliabilities of the dental indices were acceptable, and significant correlations existed between the indices at all ages. The reliability of the Eurocran palatal index was questionable. Trial registration ISRCTN29932826.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scandcleft randomized trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: comparison of dental arch relationships and dental indices at 5, 8, and 10 years

Heliövaara

Küseler

Skaare

et al. 2021

European Journal of Orthodontics

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“…Recently the reliability and predictive validity of the 5‐year‐olds' index and GOSLON Yardstick was evaluated in patients with UCLP at 5, 7/8, 10, 15/16, and 19 years 18 . The predictive value of ‘good’ dental arch relationship scores (1 and 2) over time was good in all age groups (n = 106) whereas the prediction of cases in group 3 was very poor at all ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of orthognathic surgery need in children with unilateral cleft lip palate: Dental arch relationships and 5‐year‐olds' index

Heliövaara

Leikola

2021

Orthod Craniofacial Res

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Objective To evaluate whether dental arch relationships at 6 years of age can categorize treatment outcome and predict later need for orthognathic surgery in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Setting and sample population A retrospective longitudinal single‐centre study. The study sample comprised 70 consecutive non‐syndromic children (47 boys) with complete UCLP operated on by pushback techniques during 1981‐1989 and followed until early adulthood in the same cleft centre. Materials and methods Dental casts and maxillomandibular relationships were assessed before orthodontic treatment and secondary alveolar bone grafting at mean age 6.1 years (range 5.6‐6.8) using the 5‐year‐olds' index and lateral cephalograms. The need for orthognathic surgery was retrieved from patient files. Student's t test, Pearson's correlation, and Kappa statistics were used in statistical analyses. Results Orthognathic surgery frequency was 41% (29/70). Those needing orthognathic surgery comprised all 3 patients with an index score of 5 (very poor), 14 of 17 (82%) scoring 4 (poor), 10 of 26 (38%) scoring 3 (fair), and 2 of 19 (11%) scoring 2 (good). Of the five patients with index score 1 (excellent), none needed osteotomies. The mean index score was 2.9. The score was significantly better in those without orthognathic surgery (2.4 versus 3.6). A significant negative correlation existed between the 5‐year‐olds' index and cephalometric angles ANB and anb. Conclusion The use of 5‐year‐olds' index may help to predict treatment outcome and the clinical need for orthognathic surgery especially in patients with the lowest and highest index scores.

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“…Maxillary growth measurement at 5 years of age is considered important as it allows assessment of the impact of primary palatoplasty before other surgical interventions, such as alveolar bone grafting, potentially contributing to growth disturbance (Al-Ghatam et al 2015). The predictive value of the 5-Year-Olds' index has recently been called into question because poor growth (outcomes 4 and 5) in patients with complete UCLP at 5 years has not been shown to correlate favorably with growth outcomes at skeletal maturity at 19 years of age (Pegelow et al, 2020). Despite doubts about the validity of the 5-Year-Olds' index as a predictive tool in the setting of poor growth results, its importance remains as it is currently the most widely recorded growth outcome in the United Kingdom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Maxillary Growth and Speech in Children With a Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate at 5 Years of Age

Fell

Medina

Fitzsimons

et al. 2021

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal

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Objective: This study sought to investigate the association between maxillary growth and speech outcomes for children with a repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) at 5 years of age. Participants: In all, 521 children (180 females and 341 males) with a nonsyndromic complete UCLP, born between 2007 and 2012 in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland were included in this study. Outcome Measures: Maxillary growth was analyzed using dental models scored by the 5-Year-Olds’ index, and perceptual speech analyses were scored by the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech – Augmented rating. Results: Forty-one percent of the children achieved good maxillary growth (scores 1 and 2 on 5-Year-Old’ index). Fifty percent of the children achieved normal speech (achieving UK speech standard 1). Maxillary growth was not found to have an impact on speech outcome when described by the 3 UK National Cleft Lip and Palate Speech Audit Outcome Standards. Analysis according to individual speech parameters showed dentalizations to be less prevalent in children with good maxillary growth compared to fair and poor growth ( P = .001). The remaining speech parameters within resonance, nasal airflow, and articulation categories were not significantly associated with maxillary growth. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that children with a history of complete UCLP, who have poor maxillary growth, are not at a higher risk of having major speech errors compared to children with good or fair maxillary growth at 5 years of age.

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Reliability and Predictive Validity of Dental Arch Relationships Using the 5-Year-Olds’ Index and the GOSLON Yardstick to Determine Facial Growth

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Scandcleft randomized trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: comparison of dental arch relationships and dental indices at 5, 8, and 10 years

Scandcleft randomized trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: comparison of dental arch relationships and dental indices at 5, 8, and 10 years

Prediction of orthognathic surgery need in children with unilateral cleft lip palate: Dental arch relationships and 5‐year‐olds' index

The Relationship Between Maxillary Growth and Speech in Children With a Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate at 5 Years of Age

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