Reliability and Precision of Hip Proprioception Methods in Healthy Individuals

Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 1: Basic science and principles of assessment and clinical interventions

“…Researchers have used three to five test trials to generate reliable mean values at the extremity joints (Dover and Powers 2003, Benjaminse, Sell et al 2009, Nagai, Sell et al 2012. In tests of spinal proprioception 6 trials are recommended.…”

“…Tests can be performed under passive (biasing joint mechanoreceptors) or active conditions (stimulating joint and muscle-tendon mechanoreceptors) (Riemann, Myers et al 2002, Clark 2014. JPS tests assess precision or accuracy in repositioning a joint at a predetermined target angle , Benjaminse, Sell et al 2009). Kinesthesia tests assess the ability to perceive joint movement measured using threshold to detection of passive motion (TTDPM) , Benjaminse, Sell et al 2009), movement discrimination tests (Waddington, Adams et al 1999, Waddington, Seward et al 2000, or the acuity of a tracking task (Kristjansson and Oddsdottir 2010).…”

“…JPS tests assess precision or accuracy in repositioning a joint at a predetermined target angle , Benjaminse, Sell et al 2009). Kinesthesia tests assess the ability to perceive joint movement measured using threshold to detection of passive motion (TTDPM) , Benjaminse, Sell et al 2009), movement discrimination tests (Waddington, Adams et al 1999, Waddington, Seward et al 2000, or the acuity of a tracking task (Kristjansson and Oddsdottir 2010). Force sense tests assess the ability to perceive and produce a previously generated and predetermined sub-maximal quantity of force (Dover and Powers 2003, O'Leary, Vicenzino et al 2005, Benjaminse, Sell et al 2009 (Schmidt and Lee 2011).…”

Reproducibility of a knee and hip proprioception test in healthy older adults

“…JPS of lower extremity joints can be assessed by various methods. Some studies have used a nonweightbearing (WB) posture such as side-lying [10] or sitting [11], whereas assessment of proprioception in a standing posture might be more functionally relevant, especially in relation to falling [12,13]. In addition, the JPS can be measured with various protocols, such as passive-passive [14], active-active [15], or passive-active [16] testing paradigms, in which the limb is passively (by an examiner) or actively (by the participant) moved to the target angle when presenting the target and when replicating the target angle.…”

Analysis of Proprioception of Hip Joint in Total Hip Arthroplasty

“…In a study measuring the position sense of active and passive movements in healthy adults aged 18 -30 years, Benjaminse et al reported that passive movements were more accurate [18]. A study comparing THA and hip resurfacing by Larkin et al, reported that, compared with THA, hip resurfacing tended to ameliorate proprioception, but not in elderly subjects [19].…”