Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of the Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test in Healthy Adolescents Aged 12 to 17 Years

Schwiertz, Gerrit; Brueckner, Dennis; Schedler, Simon; Kiss, Rainer; Muehlbauer, Thomas

doi:10.26603/ijspt20190927

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Therefore, specific interventions should be developed to increase physical activity and facilitate motor development in students with BIF. The definite need of such interventions is highlighted by the fact that in the present study students with BIF scored lower in every tested age category compared to the YBT-LQ/UQ reference values of Schwiertz et al [ 28 , 29 , 30 ] who assessed age-/sex-matched persons without BIF. The lower performance levels of students with BIF seem to be a stable finding across adolescence.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Comparison of Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test Performance in Adolescent Students with Borderline Intellectual Functioning Compared to Age- and Sex-Matched Controls

et al. 2021

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The Lower (YBT-LQ) and Upper (YBT-UQ) Quarter Y Balance Test are well established assessment tools for the examination of dynamic balance and shoulder mobility/stability, respectively. However, investigations on YBT-LQ/UQ performance in students with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) (i.e., intellectual quotient of 70–84 etc.) are lacking. Thus, the aim of the study was to compare YBT-LQ/UQ performance in students with and without BIF. Thirty students with BIF (age: 13.7 ± 1.2 years) and 30 age-/sex-matched students without BIF (age: 13.7 ± 1.3 years) performed the YBT-LQ and/or YBT-UQ. Normalized maximal reach distances (% leg/arm length) per reach direction and the composite score were used as outcome measures. A univariate analysis of variance was conducted to test for significant group differences. Irrespective of limb and reach direction, students with BIF compared to those without BIF showed significantly worse YBT-LQ (p ≤ 0.001–0.031; Cohen’s d = 0.57–1.26) and YBT-UQ (p ≤ 0.001–0.015; Cohen’s d = 0.68–1.52) performance with moderate to large effect sizes. Due to the poorer performance levels of students with BIF, specifically tailored interventions should be developed that have the potential to improve their dynamic balance and shoulder mobility/stability.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Comparison of Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test Performance in Adolescent Students with Borderline Intellectual Functioning Compared to Age- and Sex-Matched Controls

et al. 2021

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“…The Upper Quarter Y Balance test (YBT-UQ) is a widely used test procedure carried out in the field to obtain valid and reliable measurements of shoulder mobility/stability in healthy youth [1,2]. Carrying out the YBT-UQ test requires the subject to assume a push-up position on the floor (Fig 1A -1D) supported by one arm and reach as far as possible to the (a) medial (MD), (b) inferolateral (IL), and (c) superolateral (SL) direction with the other arm [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Quarter Y Balance test performance: Normative values for healthy youth aged 10 to 17 years

2021

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Background The Upper Quarter Y Balance test (YBT-UQ) is a field test for measuring shoulder mobility/stability. However, there is a lack of information regarding age- and sex-specific reference values for classifying the YBT-UQ performance of children and adolescents. Objective The aim was to investigate YBT-UQ performance in youth and to provide age- and sex-specific normative values. Method Six hundred and sixty-five persons (325 girls, 340 boys) aged between 10 and 17 years carried out the YBT-UQ test. Following this, maximum reach values, normalised in terms of arm length, were calculated for each arm (i.e., left and right) and reach direction (i.e., medial [MD], inferolateral [IL], superolateral [SL]), and the composite score (CS) per arm. Additionally, percentiles were displayed graphically and in tabular form, distinguished according to age and gender. Results In boys, those aged 14–15 years showed a higher achievement (e.g., MD direction) compared with both younger (12–13-year-olds) and older (16–17-year-olds) persons. In girls, differences related to age could only be observed for the IL direction and the CS, where the youngest age group (10–11-year-olds) achieved better results than the older groups. Sex-specific differences to the girls’ advantage could be observed in 12–13-year-olds (i.e., SL and CS), and to the boys’ advantage in 14–15-year-olds (i.e., for all reach directions) and 16–17-year-olds (i.e., IL and SL direction and CS). Further, curvilinear developments were observed with regard to the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles, and were more strongly marked in boys than in girls. Conclusions The obtained age- and sex-specific normative values for the YBT-UQ can be used by teachers, coaches, and therapists to classify the level of shoulder mobility/stability among 10–17 year-old children and adolescents.

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“…Consequently, mobility in combination with segmental stability as assessed through the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-UQ) may be of high importance for throwing proficiency development. The YBT-UQ has been shown to be a reliable and valid [17][18][19] closed chain test for the assessment of upper quarter mobility and stability. The YBT-UQ was performed by every subject demanding closed chain stability [17,[19][20][21] in all three reach directions tested, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Upper Quarter Y Balance Test performance and throwing proficiency in adolescent Olympic handball players

Bauer

Schedler

Fischer

et al. 2020

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background: Olympic handball is a sport mainly focused on executing throwing and passing techniques with the throwing arm. Functional specialization due to the unilateral characteristic and dominance of the throwing arm may lead to adapted control of shoulder stability and mobility. Thus, we examined side differences between the throwing and the non-throwing arm. Additionally, correlations between the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-UQ) and handball-specific performance measures were investigated. Methods: All participants (F = 13 yrs., n = 14, training experience [te] 5.9 ± 1.3 yrs.; M = 14 yrs., n = 24, te 6.5 ± 2.5 yrs.; M = 15 yrs., n = 18, te 9.3 ± 2.2 yrs) were Olympic handball players of a regional youth selection team. YBT-UQ was executed assessing performance in medial, inferolateral and superolateral reach direction normalized to the upper limb length together with a composite score of the mean of all reach directions. A radar gun and a target net were used for the assessment of throwing velocity and throwing accuracy. The paired t-test was used to detect side differences in YBT-UQ performance. Pearson's correlation analysis was calculated for associations between YBT-UQ and throwing velocity/accuracy. Results: Significant differences between the throwing and non-throwing arm were only detected for the superolateral reach direction in the 14-year-old males. Small correlations between YBT-UQ performance and throwing velocity/accuracy (13-year-old females: − 0.01 ≤ r ≤ − 0.37 / 0.01 ≤ r ≤ 0.31; 14-year-old males: 0.10 ≤ r ≤ 0.45 /-0.01 ≤ r ≤ .-0.51; 15-year-old males: 0.06 ≤ r ≤ 0.34 / 0.01 ≤ r ≤ − 0.45) were observed, irrespective of age and sex category. Conclusions: There was only a minimal difference in performance of the YBT-UQ between the throwing and nonthrowing arm and only weak if any relationships between throwing performance and stability/mobility of the upper extremities in adolescent Olympic handball players existed. Further research is needed to investigate whether the YBT-UQ is a useful tool to detect training-related improvements in measures of shoulder stability/mobility and functional performance.

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Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of the Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test in Healthy Adolescents Aged 12 to 17 Years

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Comparison of Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test Performance in Adolescent Students with Borderline Intellectual Functioning Compared to Age- and Sex-Matched Controls

Comparison of Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test Performance in Adolescent Students with Borderline Intellectual Functioning Compared to Age- and Sex-Matched Controls

Upper Quarter Y Balance test performance: Normative values for healthy youth aged 10 to 17 years

Relationship between Upper Quarter Y Balance Test performance and throwing proficiency in adolescent Olympic handball players

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