Reliability and Accuracy of 2D Photogrammetry: A Comparison With Direct Measurement

Lim, Yin Cheng; Shakor, Ameerah Su’ad Abdul; Shaharudin, Rafiza

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.813058

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Earlier studies on RFTPs used purely direct measurement techniques whereas our study used a combination of direct and 2D measurement methods. However, it should be noted that 2D photogrammetry was discovered to be a validated tool in our previous published study [15], which was supported by many other previously published papers [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Another limitation of the current study is that, because there have been no previous studies [1,[3][4][5] that grouped the dimensions into three factors, the third factor from the analysis was excluded to make sure our study is comparable with other studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Respiratory fit test panel representing population of Malaysia

Lim,

Soelar,

Shakor¹

et al. 2024

BMC Pulm Med

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Background The existing respiratory fit test panels (RFTPs) are based on Bivariate and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which utilise American and Chinese head and facial dimensions. As RFTPs based on local facial anthropometric data for Malaysia are not available, this study was conducted with the aim to develop new RFTPs using Malaysian data. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted across Malaysia among 3,324 participants of the study of National Health and Morbidity Survey 2020 aged 18 and above. Ten head and facial dimensions were measured. Face length and face width were used to construct bivariate facial panel, whereas the scores from the first two PCA were used to develop the PCA panel. Results This study showed that Malaysians have the widest upper limit for facial width. It also found that three factors could be reduced from the PCA analysis. However only 2 factors were selected with PCA 1 representing head and facial size and PCA 2 representing facial shape. Our bivariate panel could accommodate 95.0% of population, while our PCA panel accommodated 95.6%. Conclusion This was the first study to use Malaysian head and facial anthropometry data to create bivariate and PCA panels. Respirators constructed using these panels are likely to fit ≥ 95.0% of Malaysia’s population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Respiratory fit test panel representing population of Malaysia

Lim,

Soelar,

Shakor¹

et al. 2024

BMC Pulm Med

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“…This method allows for better reproducibility than direct anthropometrical measurements but accuracy depends greatly on the photography setup. 22 The most recent method to perform anthropometrical measurements adds another dimension to photogrammetry and is called stereophotogrammetry. [23][24][25][26] Stereophotogrammetry allows analysis of the three-dimensional surface of the face.…”

Section: Anthropometrical Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Anthropometric Measurements and Principles – Overview and Implications for Aesthetic Treatments

Armengou,

Frank,

Kaye

et al. 2023

Facial Plast Surg

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Facial anatomy is highly individual in each patient. Anthropometric measurements can be a useful tool to objectively analyze individual facial anatomy to allow for better comparability before and after treatments to ultimately improve standardization of facial procedures, both nonsurgical and surgical. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview over clinically relevant and feasible facial anthropometric measurements and principles for aesthetic medicine. A literature review was conducted to describe the most important and clinically relevant anthropometric measurements and principles for both the entire face and for three aesthetically relevant facial regions: the periorbital region, the nose, and the perioral region. A multitude of different anthropometric measurements and principles have been described in the literature for both the overall facial appearance and specific facial regions. Certain generally accepted anthropometric principles and proportions need to be respected to achieve aesthetic and harmonious results. For the overall facial appearance, a focus on symmetry, certain proportions, facial angles, and indices has been described. Principles and measurements were also described for the periorbital region, the nose, and the perioral region. Although attractiveness and aesthetic perception are subjective, objective evaluation of facial surface anatomy via anthropometric measurements can improve pre- and postinterventional analysis of the face and help the treating physician to individualize treatments, both nonsurgical and surgical.

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“…The anthropometric dimensions were calculated using the software package Digimizer version 5.4.4. Details of 2D photogrammetry methods can be found in previously published paper (22). This method has been found to have high reliability (ICC ranged between 0.85 and 0.99), and high validity as demonstrated by the Bland-Altman analyses for the seven head and facial dimensions.…”

Section: Photogrammetry Procedures For Seven Head and Facial Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Head and face anthropometric study for respirators in the multi-ethnic Asian population of Malaysia

Lim

Shakor

Mohamad

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundExisting anthropometric studies for respirator designs are based on the head and facial dimensions of Americans and Chinese nationals, with no studies for multi-ethnic countries like Malaysia. This study aimed to create head and facial morphological database for Malaysia, specifically to identify morphological differences between genders, ethnicities, and birthplaces, as well as predictors of the dimensions.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingMalaysia.ParticipantsA nation-wide cross-sectional study using a complex survey design with two stage-stratified random sampling was conducted among 3,324 participants, aged 18 years and above who were also participants of the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2020.Primary and secondary outcomesThe study collected data on sociodemographic, measurement of Body Mass Index (BMI) and 10 head and facial dimensions (3 dimensions were measured using direct measurement, and 7 others using Digimizer software for 2-dimension images). Linear regression was performed to determine the association between gender, ethnicity, birthplace, age and BMI and the dimensions.ResultsThere were significant differences in all the dimensions between sex, birthplace and ethnicity (p < 0.005). Further analysis using linear regression showed sex, ethnicity, birthplace, age and BMI were significant predictors of the dimensions. In comparison to studies from the United States and China, our study population had a wider interpupillary distance and nose breadth for both male and female participants, but smaller bigonial breadth and smaller minimal frontal breadth.ConclusionThese findings could assist in the design and sizing of respirators that will fit Malaysians and possibly other Southeast Asian population.

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Reliability and Accuracy of 2D Photogrammetry: A Comparison With Direct Measurement

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Respiratory fit test panel representing population of Malaysia

Respiratory fit test panel representing population of Malaysia

Facial Anthropometric Measurements and Principles – Overview and Implications for Aesthetic Treatments

Head and face anthropometric study for respirators in the multi-ethnic Asian population of Malaysia

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