Reliability analysis of the Korean version of the trunk control measurement scale in cerebral palsy

Abstract

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to translate the Trunk Control Measurement Scale into a Korean version and to analyze the intra- and inter-rater reliability. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen children with spastic cerebral palsy and four physical therapists with over 10 years of clinical experience participated in this study. A Korean-American physical therapist translated the trunk control measurement scale from English into a Korean version. Four physical therapists viewed the video data of 15 children and scored each child’s trunk control measurement scale performance on seven separate days. Four testers analyzed the test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability using the intra-class correlation coefficient. [Results] Intra-class correlation coefficients for test-retest and inter-rater reliability for the Korean trunk control measurement scale showed significantly high reliability in all testers and sublevels. [Conclusion] The Korean version of the measurement scale is a reliable and suitable instrument for assessing trunk control in individuals with cerebral palsy in Korea.

Effects of exercise programs on kyphosis and lordosis angle: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The mean sample size was 28.4±13.8 (range 16–53) for EG and 25.5±13.1 (range 9–48) for CG. Six studies were carried out with women, [31–33,35,38,39] three studies included women and men, [30,36,37] and one study did not identify the sex [33]. In the studies including women and men, two[36, 37] included a majority of women, 59.4% and 71.1% of women, respectively; in the other study [30], participation was the same between sexes (50% women and 50% men).…”

“…All the studies used stretching and/or strengthening exercise in their program as the main objective. Four studies used both stretching and strengthening exercises [32,34,36,37] one study applied just a stretching program [39], one study applied just a strengthening exercise [38], another used stretching and strengthening exercises in addition to low-impact aerobic exercises and strengthening exercises [33], and the rest used a specific method, such as William´s training (stretch and strength) [31], Pilates (Cadillac, reformer, Wunda chair, wall unit, spine corrector, ladder barrel, cycles fit and mat) [35], and a local corrective exercise program (Kendall´s theory) [30]. Eight of the 10 studies did not apply a program in the control group [30,31,34–39].…”

“…Six studies evaluated thoracic kyphosis angle [30,32,34–37], three evaluated lumbar lordotic angle [31,33,38], and one evaluated both [39]. Among six studies that evaluated thoracic kyphosis angle, all showed hyperkyphosis as an inclusion criteria [30,32,34–37].…”

“…Among three studies that evaluated lumbar lordotic angle, one of them included evidence of lumbar hyperlordosis as inclusion criteria [31]. The other two studies included evidence of low back pain as inclusion criteria [33, 38]. The study that assessed both kyphosis and lordotic angles [39] did not show hyperkyphosis, hyperlordosis or low back pain as an inclusion criteria, they only included those who work at least 8 hours per day in a standing position.…”

“…All studies but two used one method, except two that used two methods of measurement [36,37]. The most used measurement method was lateral radiograph [35–38] followed by flexicurve ruler [30, 31, 33], kyphometer [36,37], dual inclinometer [34], six-camera motion analysis system [32] and spinal mouse [39]. Among the studies that used radiograph, all measured the Cobb angle.…”