Reliability Analysis of Internal Power Supply Architecture of Data Centers in Terms of Power Losses

Ahmed, Kazi Main Uddin; Alvarez, Manuel; Bollen, Math

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107025

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These research works are focused on reducing the number of idle servers based on data traffic and negotiated Service Level Agreements (SLAs) [7], optimizing the number of active servers through virtualization [9]- [11], and location-dependent dynamic resource allocation to control the active servers population at each location [8]. However, none of these research works considers the reliability aspects of the IPSS, since the performance of the IPSS degrades with increasing power losses in the IPSS [5]. Therefore, the outage probabilities of the rack-level PSUs are important to consider for the adequacy of the computational resources in DCs, which can be identified by the LOWP index.…”

Section: List Of Symbolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The servers contain variable airflow control to ensure the reliable operation of the server cooling system in current technology. The required air flow rate depends on the heat generated by the servers, which determines the required rotational speed and fans' power consumption, shown in (3)- (5). The equivalent thermal resistance, R can be expressed as the ratio of the different of die and ambient temperature and the heat generated by the CPUs [6], as shown in (3).…”

Section: ) Local Cooling Fan Power Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is also important to limit the energy losses in the internal power supply system (IPSS) of DC to enhance the overall efficiency [4], [5]. The losses of the IPSS depend on the structure of the IPSS and the electrical load demands of the load sections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these devices consume a significant amount of power, which are considered as power losses of the IPSS in this paper. The power losses of these components increase with increasing IT loads [5], [6]. The right-sizing of the computational resources considering the energy-efficient operation of DC are addressed in [7]- [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, this paper takes the opportunity to quantify the computational resource adequacy considering the outage probability of the PSUs at rack-level. The power consumption models for UPS, PDU, and PSU are also considered since the increasing power consumption of these devices degrades the reliability of the IPSS in DC, as explained in [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Reliability Index to Assess the Computational Resource Adequacy in Data Centers

2021

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The energy demand of data centers is increasing globally with the increasing demand for computational resources to ensure the quality of services. It is important to quantify the required resources to comply with the computational workloads at the rack-level. In this paper, a novel reliability index called loss of workload probability is presented to quantify the rack-level computational resource adequacy. The index defines the right-sizing of the rack-level computational resources that comply with the computational workloads, and the desired reliability level of the data center investor. The outage probability of the power supply units and the workload duration curve of servers are analyzed to define the loss of workload probability. The workload duration curve of the rack, hence, the power consumption of the servers is modeled as a function of server workloads. The server workloads are taken from a publicly available data set published by Google. The power consumption models of the major components of the internal power supply system are also presented which shows the power loss of the power distribution unit is the highest compared to the other components in the internal power supply system. The proposed reliability index and the power loss analysis could be used for rack-level computational resources expansion planning and ensures energy-efficient operation of the data center.INDEX TERMS Adequacy, data center, energy losses, internal power supply system, reliability.

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