Abstract:Over the past several decades, the use of intravenous human normal immunoglobulin (IVIg) products in a diverse range of immunodeficiency, inflammatory and infectious disorders has increased significantly. Newer manufacturing processes have increased the yield of intact IVIg molecules and have also improved the tolerability and safety of these products, including reducing the transmission risk of blood-borne diseases. While there are no appreciable differences between the numerous commercially available IVIg pr… Show more
“…Although the side effects of IVIG are usually mild, hemolytic anemia, renal failure, aseptic meningitis, and thrombotic complications may occur. 11,12 Corticosteroids are associated with hypertension and diabetes. Both agents can affect the quality of life of patients.…”
Key Points• The systematic review suggests that first-line antenatal management in FNAIT is weekly IVIG administration.• Noninvasive management is effective without the relatively high rate of adverse outcomes seen in invasive strategies.Several strategies can be used to manage fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) in subsequent pregnancies. Serial fetal blood sampling (FBS) and intrauterine platelet transfusions (IUPT), as well as weekly maternal IV immunoglobulin infusion (IVIG), with or without additional corticosteroid therapy, are common options, but optimal management has not been determined. The aim of this systematic review was to assess antenatal treatment strategies for FNAIT. Four randomized controlled trials and 22 nonrandomized studies were included. Pooling of results was not possible due to considerable heterogeneity. Most studies found comparable outcomes regarding the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage, regardless of the antenatal management strategy applied; FBS, IUPT, or IVIG with or without corticosteroids. There is no consistent evidence for the value of adding steroids to IVIG. FBS or IUPT resulted in a relatively high complication rate (consisting mainly of preterm emergency cesarean section) of 11% per treated pregnancy in all studies combined. Overall, noninvasive management in pregnant mothers who have had a previous neonate with FNAIT is effective without the relatively high rate of adverse outcomes seen with invasive strategies. This systematic review suggests that first-line antenatal management in FNAIT is weekly IVIG administration, with or without the addition of corticosteroids. (Blood. 2017;129(11):1538-1547
“…Although the side effects of IVIG are usually mild, hemolytic anemia, renal failure, aseptic meningitis, and thrombotic complications may occur. 11,12 Corticosteroids are associated with hypertension and diabetes. Both agents can affect the quality of life of patients.…”
Key Points• The systematic review suggests that first-line antenatal management in FNAIT is weekly IVIG administration.• Noninvasive management is effective without the relatively high rate of adverse outcomes seen in invasive strategies.Several strategies can be used to manage fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) in subsequent pregnancies. Serial fetal blood sampling (FBS) and intrauterine platelet transfusions (IUPT), as well as weekly maternal IV immunoglobulin infusion (IVIG), with or without additional corticosteroid therapy, are common options, but optimal management has not been determined. The aim of this systematic review was to assess antenatal treatment strategies for FNAIT. Four randomized controlled trials and 22 nonrandomized studies were included. Pooling of results was not possible due to considerable heterogeneity. Most studies found comparable outcomes regarding the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage, regardless of the antenatal management strategy applied; FBS, IUPT, or IVIG with or without corticosteroids. There is no consistent evidence for the value of adding steroids to IVIG. FBS or IUPT resulted in a relatively high complication rate (consisting mainly of preterm emergency cesarean section) of 11% per treated pregnancy in all studies combined. Overall, noninvasive management in pregnant mothers who have had a previous neonate with FNAIT is effective without the relatively high rate of adverse outcomes seen with invasive strategies. This systematic review suggests that first-line antenatal management in FNAIT is weekly IVIG administration, with or without the addition of corticosteroids. (Blood. 2017;129(11):1538-1547
“…Roughly all available IVIgG preparations are IgA-depleted [13,14], and several preparations are available for s.c. use to minimize adverse reactions [15,16]. …”
Background: In general, patients with significant anti-Ig-A do not tolerate intravenous (i.v.) administration of normal blood products. Here, we present our experiences in the induction of immune tolerance (IIT) and long-term treatment in a series of such patients affected in such a way. The question whether blood components from IgA-deficient donors are required will be discussed. Methods: Ten adult patients (4 females and 6 males; age ranging from 36 to 75 years) with anti-IgA were included in this study. All patients required long-term treatment with blood components. One patient had IgA deficiency and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), and all other patients had common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). The particle gel immunoassay was used for the detection of anti-IgA. Immune tolerance to IgA was induced by controlled subcutaneous (s.c.) and/or i.v. infusions of IgG preparations. Results: Prior to IIT, anti-IgA was detectable in plasma samples of all patients and significantly diminished or abolished by controlled s.c. and/or i.v. infusions of IgG. Multiple transfusions with normal blood components could be repeatedly performed with the patient suffering from PNH without any complications. As long as i.v. IgG (IVIgG) infusions were consequently administered as individually required (intervals 2-8 weeks), none of the patients developed reactions during observation (up to 10 years). However, interruption of treatment and re-exposure to IVIgG resulted in adverse reactions. Conclusion: Patients with significant anti-IgA can be safely desensitized and tolerate long-term IgG substitutions independent of the IgA concentration of the used blood component.
“…У пациентов, находящихся в группе риска развития почечной недостаточности (с нарушением функции почек, сахарным диабетом, пожилого возраста (старше 65 лет), с гиповолемией, сепсисом, парапротеинемией или получающих нефротоксические препараты) сле-дует избегать применения препаратов ВВИГ с высоким содержанием сахаров (особенно сахарозы) и/или на-трия, высокой осмоляльностью, а также следует избе-гать большой нагрузки объемом [17].…”
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