Relevance of wild and managed bees for human well-being

Klein, Alexandra‐Maria; Boreux, Virginie; Fornoff, Felix; Mupepele, Anne‐Christine; Pufal, Gesine

doi:10.1016/j.cois.2018.02.011

Cited by 108 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The intensification of agriculture also threatens the delivery of pollination services from the wild pollinator community (Klein, Fornoff, Mupepele, & Boreux, 2018;Potts et al, 2010). For pollinator-dependent crops such as apple, decreased pollination services result in lower seed and fruit set and in a lower profitability for the farmer (Garratt et al, 2016;Klein et al, 2018;Mallinger & Gratton, 2015). To obtain better pollination, orchard owners often use managed pollinators such as honeybees, and in some cases bumblebees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management trade‐offs on ecosystem services in apple orchards across Europe: Direct and indirect effects of organic production

Samnegård

Alins

Boreux

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Apple is considered the most important fruit crop in temperate areas and profitable production depends on multiple ecosystem services, including the reduction of pest damage and the provision of sufficient pollination levels. Management approaches present an inherent trade‐off as each affects species differently. We quantified the direct and indirect effects of management (organic vs. integrated pest management, IPM) on species richness, ecosystem services, and fruit production in 85 apple orchards in three European countries. We also quantified how habit composition influenced these effects at three spatial scales: within orchards, adjacent to orchards, and in the surrounding landscape. Organic management resulted in 48% lower yield than IPM, and also that the variation between orchards was large with some organic orchards having a higher yield than the average yield of IPM orchards. The lower yield in organic orchards resulted directly from management practices, and from higher pest damage in organic orchards. These negative yield effects were partly offset by indirect positive effects from more natural enemies and higher flower visitation rates in organic orchards. Two factors other than management affected species richness and ecosystem services. Higher cover of flowering plants within and adjacent to the apple trees increased flower visitation rates by pollinating insects and a higher cover of apple orchards in the landscape decreased species richness of beneficial arthropods. The species richness of beneficial arthropods in orchards was uncorrelated with fruit production, suggesting that diversity can be increased without large yield loss. At the same time, organic orchards had 38% higher species richness than IPM orchards, an effect that is likely due to differences in pest management. Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that organic management is more efficient than integrated pest management in developing environmentally friendly apple orchards with higher species richness. We also demonstrate that there is no inherent trade‐off between species richness and yield. Development of more environmentally friendly means for pest control, which do not negatively affect pollination services, needs to be a priority for sustainable apple production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management trade‐offs on ecosystem services in apple orchards across Europe: Direct and indirect effects of organic production

Samnegård

Alins

Boreux

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Bees are critical not only to global ecological stability but also to humans’ food security, as major pollinators for 90% of the world’s food crops (Klein et al, 2018, 2007; Potts et al, 2016) and many wildflowers (Ollerton et al, 2011). Many wild and domesticated bees have seen marked declines in recent decades, with both significant range contractions and extinctions (Ollerton et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solitary bee larvae prioritize carbohydrate over protein in parentally provided pollen

Austin

Gilbert

2018

Preprint

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10 1. Bees, important pollinators, have declined significantly in recent decades, and human-11 induced changes to nutritional landscapes are partly responsible. Changes to nutritional 12 quality rather than quantity have been overlooked as a threat to bee health. Yet 13 knowledge of bee nutrition is currently largely restricted to adults of social species. 14 Larval stages, where most growth occurs, are relatively understudied -perhaps because 15 most social bees provision progressively and collectively, making nutrition difficult to 16 trace. 17 2. In mass-provisioning solitary bees (Osmia bicornis L.), we can manipulate and follow 18 larval nutrition, and thereby determine effects of changes in diet quality. Under the 19 Geometric Framework for Nutrition, we restricted larvae to 6 diets: 3 20 protein:carbohydrate ratios and 2 nutrient concentrations. We asked: (a) which diets 21 maximise body size and survival, (b) what consumption rules do larvae follow when 22 nutrients are imbalanced? Finally, (c) given a choice of complementary diets, are larvae 23 able to select a dietary balance? 24 3. Larvae pupated after consuming a fixed carbohydrate amount, but tolerated a wide range 25 of protein. Body size and survival were maximised on our lowest P:C ratio diet, and 26 having consumed the most carbohydrate. When eating freely from two diets, larvae 27 converged on a P:C ratio of 1:1.8, but not an overall nutrient intake target. Nevertheless, 28 larvae maintained stable carbohydrate intake, while protein intake varied with the 29 available diet.304. Our results suggest solitary bee larvae regulate carbohydrate most closely, but that 31 excessive indigestible material may limit their actual nutrient intake. Carbohydrate may 32 be critical to overwinter survival, and/or may be more limiting than protein. The large 33 variation in protein tolerated, despite its importance, suggests bee larvae may be 34 vulnerable to landscape changes -and therefore reliant on parents to regulate protein. 35 Given the mixed evidence on whether parents can sense pollen protein content, our 36 results highlight bees' potential vulnerability to a "nutritional trap", i.e. where rapid 37 changes in their nutritional environment outstrip their evolved capacity to detect those 38 changes, impairing their fitness. 39 40

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“…Although bees are not the most diverse group of pollinators (butterflies and moths comprise over 140 000 species), they are the most dominant taxonomic group amongst pollinators; only in the Arctic regions, is another group (flies) more dominant (Ollerton et al 2017). The ability of bees to transport large numbers of pollen grains on their hairy bodies, reliance on floral resources, and the semi-social or eu-social nature of some species are amongst the characteristics that make bees important and effective pollinators (Ollerton et al 2017;Klein et al 2018). Fifty bee species are managed by people, of which around 12 are managed for crop pollination (Potts et al 2016a).…”

Section: Bees People and The Planetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why bees are critical for achieving sustainable development

Patel

Pauli

Biggs

et al. 2020

Ambio

117

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Reductions in global bee populations are threatening the pollination benefits to both the planet and people. Whilst the contribution of bee pollination in promoting sustainable development goals through food security and biodiversity is widely acknowledged, a range of other benefits provided by bees has yet to be fully recognised. We explore the contributions of bees towards achieving the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our insights suggest that bees potentially contribute towards 15 of the 17 SDGs and a minimum of 30 SDG targets. We identify common themes in which bees play an essential role, and suggest that improved understanding of bee contributions to sustainable development is crucial for ensuring viable bee systems.

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Relevance of wild and managed bees for human well-being

Cited by 108 publications

References 43 publications

Management trade‐offs on ecosystem services in apple orchards across Europe: Direct and indirect effects of organic production

Management trade‐offs on ecosystem services in apple orchards across Europe: Direct and indirect effects of organic production

Solitary bee larvae prioritize carbohydrate over protein in parentally provided pollen

Why bees are critical for achieving sustainable development

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