Relevance of watermarking in medical imaging

Abstract

Abstract| Because of the importance of the security issues in the management of medical information, we suggest to use watermarking techniques to complete the existing measures for protecting medical images. We discuss the necessary requirements for such a system to be a c cepted b y m e dical sta and its complementary role with respect with existing security systems. We present di erent scenarios, one devoted to the authentication and tracing of the images, the second to the integrity control of the patient's record.

A Review of Medical Image Watermarking Requirements for Teleradiology

“…The principle of those requirements imposes three mandatory characteristics for security of medical information [7,27,28]: confidentiality, reliability, and availability.…”

“…Various national and international legislative rules and directives define the security and privacy requirements of medical information. These requirements are being achieved by different conventional measures, which are thought to be incapable of providing the required security of the electronic radiology information in the PACS/RIS-based teleradiology [5][6][7]. On the other hand, recent studies show the possibility of using digital watermarking for improving security in teleradiology [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…However, it is particularly important to know the applicability of digital watermarking from every aspect of radiology information requirements and the suitability of that over other (both the existing and developing) similar measures. Although Coatrieux et al [7,18] studied the applicability of digital watermarking in medical imaging, a further justification of the watermarking considering the security requirements in teleradiology is still necessary.…”

Providing Integrity, Authenticity, and Confidentiality for Header and Pixel Data of DICOM Images

“…Digital watermarking has been recently proposed as a convenient platform to implement security in telemedicine systems [5][6][7]. Confidentiality is achieved by embedding the patient's record into the image as robust watermarks, whereas authenticity and integrity are achieved by embedding fragile or cryptographic watermarks into the image.…”

Authentication and Self-Correction in Sequential MRI Slices

“…Among them is digital watermarking that has been proposed and has been also used in the medical field for radiological images [2,6]. The watermark could be a serial number, like the patient's insurance code, or a hospital logo, or it could include parts or all of the EHR, textual files containing diagnosis, blood test profiles or other biosignals [1,6,7].…”