Relevance of sampling and DNA extraction techniques for the analysis of salivary evidence from bite marks: a case report

Ml, Chávez-Briones; Hernández-Cortés, R; Jaramillo‐Rangel, Gilberto; Ortega‐Martínez, Marta

doi:10.4238/2015.august.21.23

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For the correct and successful investigation of sexual crimes, it is necessary to recover evidence in three principal areas: crime scene, victims, and perpetrator. Evidence recovery must be completed during the first hours after the crime; this is crucial for the success of the investigation, although it does not always happen for some investigation units [8,11,13,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swabs of different design, shape, and size used for evidence recovery are commercially available (X-Swab™ Diomics Corporation and Copan 4N6FLOQSwab™); all of them with highly absorptive properties. The use of double swabbing method are recomended to recovery of touched (trace) evidence; this technique increases the possibility of obtaining DNA profiles; however the use of cotton swabs is not recommended for trace evidence [7][8][9][10]. Figure 1 shows the workflow of evidence recovery from the crime scene.…”

Section: Recovery Of Evidence At the Crime Scenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a SA is reported, authorities order a medical interview and examination for evidence recovery; during the interview, the expert needs to document the type of sexual aggression (penile-vaginal rape, oral, copulation, sodomy, penetration with foreign objects, or digital penetration), Personal hygiene, and the elapsed time after the incident are crucial; these information will indicate the type of sampling to be performed. Additionally, the examiner will look for elements that are associated with aggression (e.g., bites and body fluids), and these will be obtained from anatomical regions that show signs of injury or attack [8,[11][12][13] (Figure 1).…”

Section: Recovery Of Evidence On Victim and Perpetratormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Evidence Analysis in Cases of Sexual Assault

González¹,

Mercado²,

Salas³

et al. 2020

Biochemical Analysis Tools - Methods for Bio-Molecules Studies

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Sexual assault (SA) is a crime of violence against a person's body resulting in a physical trauma, mental anguish, and suffering for victims generating expenses for government intended criminal investigation, medical care, and psychological attention. During the crime scene investigation, the identification and recovery of biological evidence (BE) are utmost important, since sometimes these are the only way to prove sexual contact and the perpetrator's identity. The examiner, with the help of specific technologies and techniques, must be able to find evidence that otherwise could go unnoticed. Forensic laboratories identify biological evidence with systemized protocols and use molecular methods to generate DNA profiles based on the amplification and DNA sequencing. Before the arrival of the new-generation sequencers, the application of other markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertion-deletion of nucleotides (INDEL), or microhaplotypes (MHs)) was laborious, expensive, and not very informative for forensic purposes; however, now they are useful in this field. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) brought a new series of applications like epigenetics, microbiota, messenger RNA, and microRNA analysis and the inferences in the ancestry and phenotyping of individuals. In the end, the results obtained from such analyses and stored in databases are very useful for the identification of sexual aggressors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recovery Of Evidence At the Crime Scenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recovery Of Evidence On Victim and Perpetratormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biological Evidence Analysis in Cases of Sexual Assault

González¹,

Mercado²,

Salas³

et al. 2020

Biochemical Analysis Tools - Methods for Bio-Molecules Studies

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“…The conditions for the PCR were optimized using the DNA from the saliva samples, and the same conditions were applied to the DNA extracted from blood yielding the same results, i.e., good quality and quantity of DNA extracted (Fraige et al, 2013). Chávez-Briones et al, (2015) recorded the second case in forensic literature reporting the analysis of DNA isolated from bite marks present on a victim s' body in order to identify the perpetrator of a crime. Their results indicated that, despite of the small amount of saliva deposited on the skin during bites; in addition to environmental factors (heat, bacteria, moisture, and mold) which can render the DNA unusable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Stain Biomarker : A Novel Tool for the Forensic Detection of Saliva (Effect of Time and Surface on its Reliability )

Mahmoud

Zaki

2018

Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

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Saliva is one of the vital fluids secreted by the human body; it can be deposited on the human skin or other materials through biting, sucking, licking and kissing. Saliva stains encountered in forensic casework is an important source of DNA; so, it is considered an important evidence for personnel identification. The rapid Stain Identification of Human Saliva (RSID TM-Saliva) bioassay is designed to detect specifically the presence of human salivary -amylase enzyme. Test development is completed within 10 minutes and can detect as little as 1l of human saliva. The detection protocol can be completely integrated into the procedures for DNA extraction and analysis. Aim: Assess the efficacy of RSID TM-Saliva strip test for the detection of human saliva under some different variables (different surfaces & different time intervals).Evaluate the quality of DNA extracted from unpreserved saliva and the possibility of its usage as evidence in forensics. Methodology: Fifty two saliva samples were collected from four volunteers. Forty eight of them were deposited over surfaces of different nature (plastic bottles, glass cup and cigarette butts) at the same time. Four saliva samples were collected directly from the floor of the mouth of each participant by a cotton swab (positive control group). All samples were left to dry for 10 min at room temperature then extracted and analyzed according to the protocol designed for (RSID TM-Saliva). Collected samples were studied as three tested groups and as control groups. Saliva samples collected from each participant were categorized into four subgroups according to the time interval of saliva extraction [zero (on the spot), 10, 20, and 30 days].Positive samples for saliva identification were subjected to DNA extraction and typing; as three autosomal primers short tandem repeats (STRs) specific to human genomic DNA (D21S11, D18S51 and CSF1PO) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); then subjected to separation and analysis of fragments size by agarose gel electrophoresis to determine their allelic size through comparison to the standard allelic 100 bp ladder. Results: Saliva could be identified in 100% of tested samples as well as for the positive control samples, which were subjected to successful DNA extraction followed by PCR amplification of the chosen three STRs. Results of agarose gel revealed that the sizes of these PCR products were in accordance with the 100 bp DNA ladder; validating the good quality and quantity of the extracted DNA Conclusion: the current study demonstrated that non-stored saliva deposited over different surfaces for up to 30 days presents an ideal source for DNA which may be used for forensic identification. The study also evidenced that the new RSID-saliva strip test is a fast, easy, sensitive and reliable method for saliva identification over different surfaces.

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“…Kenna et al have reported that salivary DNA persists on the skin a minimum of 96 h (19). For example, it is possible to extract DNA from bite marks within this period, but amount of saliva deposited on the skin is usually very small in bite marks (19,20). In addition, the concentration of salivary DNA varied from donor to donor and from day to day (19).…”

Section: Sources Of Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%