Relevance of Laboratory Colonies of the Vector in Arbovirus Research—Culicoides Variipennis and Bluetongue

Jones, Robert H.; Foster, N. M.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1978.27.168

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…54 The apparently variable susceptibility of C. sonorensis to infection with different EHDV serotypes is interesting and has not been investigated. Previous studies of BTV infection in field and laboratory populations of C. sonorensis describe heterogeneity in response to oral infection among BTV serotypes, 32,33 although mechanisms of such variation remain unknown. Our findings indicate that the EHDV-6 infection rate in C. sonorensis is very low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host and Potential Vector Susceptibility to an Emerging Orbivirus in the United States

et al. 2015

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Epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses (EHDVs) are orbiviruses transmitted by Culicoides biting midges to domestic and wild ruminants. EHDV-1 and EHDV-2 are endemic in the United States, where epizootic hemorrhagic disease is the most significant viral disease of white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) and reports of epizootic hemorrhagic disease in cattle are increasing. In 2006, a reassortant EHDV-6 was isolated from dead WTD in Indiana and has been detected each subsequent year over a wide geographic region. Since EHDV-6 is not a historically endemic serotype in the United States, it is important to understand infection outcome in potential hosts. Specifically, we aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of the virus in 2 primary US ruminant hosts (WTD and cattle) and the susceptibility of a confirmed US vector (Culicoides sonorensis). Five WTD and 4 cattle were inoculated with >10 6

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host and Potential Vector Susceptibility to an Emerging Orbivirus in the United States

et al. 2015

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“…BSR cells (clone of BHK-21 cells; Sato et al, 1977) were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM; Invitrogen) containing 5 % FBS, 100 IU penicillin ml 21 , 100 mg streptomycin ml 21 and 2.5 mg amphotericin B ml 21 . KC cells (Wechsler et al, 1989) derived from embryos of colonized Culicoides sonorensis (Jones & Foster, 1978) were grown in modified Schneider's Drosophila medium with 15 % FBS, 100 IU penicillin ml 21 and 100 mg streptomycin ml 21 at 27 uC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balance of RNA sequence requirement and NS3/NS3a expression of segment 10 of orbiviruses

Feenstra

Gennip²,

Schreuder³

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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Orbiviruses are insect-transmitted, non-enveloped viruses with a ten-segmented dsRNA genome of which the bluetongue virus (BTV) is the prototype. Viral non-structural protein NS3/NS3a is encoded by genome segment 10 (Seg-10), and is involved in different virus release mechanisms. This protein induces specific release via membrane disruptions and budding in both insect and mammalian cells, but also the cytopathogenic release that is only seen in mammalian cells. NS3/NS3a is not essential for virus replication in vitro with BTV Seg-10 containing RNA elements essential for virus replication, even if protein is not expressed. Recently, new BTV serotypes with distinct NS3/NS3a sequence and cell tropism have been identified. Multiple studies have hinted at the importance of Seg-10 in orbivirus replication, but the exact prerequisites are still unknown. Here, more insight is obtained with regard to the needs for orbivirus Seg-10 and the balance between protein expression and RNA elements. Multiple silent mutations in the BTV NS3a ORF destabilized Seg-10, resulting in deletions and sequences originating from other viral segments being inserted, indicating strong selection at the level of RNA during replication in mammalian cells in vitro. The NS3a ORFs of other orbiviruses were successfully exchanged in BTV1 Seg-10, resulting in viable chimeric viruses. NS3/NS3a proteins in these chimeric viruses were generally functional in mammalian cells, but not in insect cells. NS3/NS3a of the novel BTV serotypes 25 and 26 affected virus release from Culicoides cells, which might be one of the reasons for their distinct cell tropism.

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“…The colony of C. sonorensis was established in 1973 from a field population and maintained for more than 25 years under large-scale rearing conditions. 5,6 After blood feeding, midges were killed by CO 2 /immersion in ethanol, and examined using a dissecting microscope to determine the proportion that took a blood meal and the number with broken mouthparts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Papular Dermatitis Induced in Guinea Pigs by the Biting Midge Culicoides Sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

et al. 2003

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Histological, ultrastructural, and virological examinations were performed on abdominal skin from guinea pigs after a blood meal by colony-bred biting midges, Culicoides sonorensis. Small, superficial, cutaneous, crateriform ulcers with necrosis of superficial dermis developed at feeding sites and healed within 24–48 hours. Animals developed nonpruritic erythematous papules 5 days after feeding that persisted until the study ended at 12 days after feeding. Papules corresponded histologically to foci of epidermal hyperplasia and superficial interstitial dermatitis with intraepidermal micropustules and scattered intraepidermal polykaryons. The principal ultrastructural changes were spongiosis in germinal epithelium and neutrophilic-histiocytic exocytosis. No viral agents or broken mouthparts were identified in lesions. The dermatitis may represent a host reaction to persisting insect salivary secretion and should be considered as an additional consequence of blood feeding in future studies involving biting midges.

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Relevance of Laboratory Colonies of the Vector in Arbovirus Research—Culicoides Variipennis and Bluetongue

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Host and Potential Vector Susceptibility to an Emerging Orbivirus in the United States

Host and Potential Vector Susceptibility to an Emerging Orbivirus in the United States

Balance of RNA sequence requirement and NS3/NS3a expression of segment 10 of orbiviruses

Papular Dermatitis Induced in Guinea Pigs by the Biting Midge Culicoides Sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

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