Relevance of hydration state of the fat free mass in estimating fat mass by body impedance analysis

BackgroundCaloric restriction induces mitochondrial biogenesis and improves physical fitness in rodents. We aimed to provide evidence of how caloric restriction affects the body composition and physical performance of trained athletes and to evaluate the possible impact of an every-other-day feeding diet on nutritional deficiencies of micronutrients and essential fatty acids.MethodsThe study was performed with 12 healthy male athletes by carrying out a 33% caloric restriction with respect to their usual diet. Athletes performed a maximal exercise stress test both before and after the caloric restriction period. Blood samples were taken before and after the caloric restriction at basal conditions and 30 min post-exercise. Although energy intake was reduced by about 33%, the contribution of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids to total energy intake during the caloric restriction was similar to the original diet.ResultsThe caloric restriction reduced the daily specific micronutrient intake to values lower than 90% of recommended dietary allowances. No effects were observed in blood parameters related to iron metabolism and tissue damage, glucose levels, lipid profiles, or erythrocyte fatty acid composition. In addition, oxidative damage markers decreased after the nutritional intervention. The caloric restriction intervention significantly reduced body weight and trunk, arm, and leg weights; it also caused a decrease in fat and lean body mass, the energy expenditure rate when performing a maximal exercise stress test, and the energy cost to run one meter at various exercise intensities. Furthermore, the intervention ameliorated the onset of the anaerobic phase of exercise.ConclusionA caloric restriction improves athletes’ performance and energy efficiency, but reduces the daily intake of micronutrients; so, when caloric restriction programs are implemented micronutrient supplementation should be considered.Trial registrationThe project was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02533479).

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“…Total body water content was measures by electric impedance using a two frequencies method previously described [ 15 – 17 ] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorie restriction regime enhances physical performance of trained athletes

Pons¹,

Riera²,

Capó

et al. 2018

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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“…However, bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) is suggested as a portable and practical way of assessment 3 . Resistance (reflecting tissue hydration) and reactance (reflecting cell membrane integrity) are the 2 parameters measured via this method, and phase angle—as calculated from them—was demonstrated to reliably correlate with multiple health conditions, in opposition of fat mass or fat‐free mass, both of which can be misleading in the presence of comorbidities 4 – 10 . Phase angle is expected to be positively correlated with muscle mass and strength 3 , 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis–Derived Phase Angle and Sarcopenia in Older Adults

et al. 2016

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“…The relation between Xc and PA seems to be useful for evaluating the nutritional status in terms of ECM/BCM, without being affected by anthropometric characteristics of the subject [7,[25][26][27][28]. Xc is the dielectric component due to the additional opposition to the current flow from the presence of capacitance, produced by the effect of cell membranes, tissue interfaces and nonionic tissues; thus Xc appears related to body cell mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BV is well correlated with extracellular mass/ body cell mass rates (ECM/BCM) and could be representative of nutritional status [7,[25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Biagram Vector: A Graphical Relation between Reactance and Phase Angle Measured by Bioelectrical Analysis in Infants

et al. 2004

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Background: Biagram vector is derived by plotting direct measurements of reactance and phase angle from the analyzer, which are not dependent on anthropometric characteristics of the subject and it can be considered an emerging method for evaluating the nutritional status in clinical practice. Aim: To calculate and plot the Biagram vector in a sample of healthy infants in their first year of life. Methods: 174 healthy infants (99 male, 75 female) aged under 1 year, born at full term and adequate for gestational age, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. The sample was divided into three age groups: 0–3.99 months (group A), 4–7.99 months (group B), and 8–11.99 months (group C). Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) was performed by a tetrapolar single frequence phase-sensitive impedance analyzer (STA/BIA; Akern Srl, Firenze, Italy). Results: Biagram vector showed an increasing trend (p < 0.05) in the first year of life (group A: 27.9 ± 12.6; group B: 32.1 ± 9.7; group C: 37.2 ± 9.5). Females showed Biagram vector values significantly higher than males in group A (34.7 ± 15.0 vs. 24.0 ± 9.1; p < 0.05). 95% confidence ellipses of Biagram vector for each age group were calculated and plotted and a comparison of our results with published data calculated in older children was conducted. Conclusion: The bivariate analysis of BIA measurements, plotted as a vector in relation to the age, showed an increasing trend with a higher gain rate under 1 year with respect to the following age periods. These data could reflect the variation of body composition in the first years of life and could be of interest to assess the nutritional status for clinical practice.

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Relevance of hydration state of the fat free mass in estimating fat mass by body impedance analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Calorie restriction regime enhances physical performance of trained athletes

Calorie restriction regime enhances physical performance of trained athletes

Association of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis–Derived Phase Angle and Sarcopenia in Older Adults

The Biagram Vector: A Graphical Relation between Reactance and Phase Angle Measured by Bioelectrical Analysis in Infants

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