Relevance of functional neuroimaging in the progression of mild cognitive impairment

Cabranes, José A.; Juan, R. De; Encinas, M.; Marcos, Alberto; Gil, Pedro; Fernández, Cristina; Ugarte, Carmen de; Barabash, Ana

doi:10.1179/016164104225016155

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the present paper, the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound method to predict AD was 68.4 % and 72.2 % respectively which is lower than sensitivities and specificities of neuroimaging techniques such as PET (85.7 %, 88.9 %) [10] and SPECT (70 %, 86 %) [3]. Perhaps, this discrepancy may be associated to the fact that ultrasound technique measures the global CBF and not regional CBF.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Volume cerebral blood flow reduction in pre-clinical stage of Alzheimer disease:

et al. 2005

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The association of decreased cerebral blood flow with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been a recent target of interest. By using neuroimaging techniques, growing attention has been devoted to the identification of preclinical AD. In this study, color duplex sonography of cervical arteries was used to measure mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) on 55 amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients. Two years after enrollment, excluding patients who progressed to dementia other than AD, two subgroups were identified, patients who developed AD (MCI converters) and patients with preserved cognitive and functional level (MCI non-converters). Examining the mean difference of CBF measured at baseline in the two subgroups obtained, a significant difference was noticed (MCI converters 539.3 +/- 114.3 vs MCI non converters 636.0 +/- 143.9, p < 0.05). MCI patients with CBF higher than median value (558 ml/min) had lower risk of developing AD (specificity 72.2%, sensitivity 68.4%) within a two year follow-up. Ultrasonography of the cervical arteries is a simple, non invasive and widespread technique useful in detecting CBF decline during the MCI stage, thus identifying patients who later will convert to AD.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Volume cerebral blood flow reduction in pre-clinical stage of Alzheimer disease:

et al. 2005

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“…We believe that one of the strengths of this study lies in the prediction of conversion to dementia in amnestic MCI patients, rather than in an undifferentiated MCI group considered in most of the previous studies [10][11][12][13]17]. Restricting the analysis to a better defined subgroup limited heterogeneity, and yielded stronger results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…On the contrary, previous longitudinal studies on patients with MCI assessing perfusion and metabolic markers of future conversion to AD are sparse and yield discrepant findings. Some authors, using ROI based-techniques, found that left frontal [10], prefrontal and parietal areas [11], temporoparietal cortex [12], precunei [13], posterior cingulate gyrus [9,14], and hippocampus [13,[15][16][17] are sensitive early markers of progression to AD. More recently, Borroni et al [18], using the Principal Component Analysis technique, found a specific hypoperfusion pattern in converters involving the parietal and temporal lobes, precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex, confirming some of the previous findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral perfusion correlates of conversion to Alzheimer's disease in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

et al. 2007

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“…Virtually nothing is known about the role vascular NO plays during neuronal dysfunction that results in spatial memory impairment after chronic brain hypoperfusion (CBH), a hemodynamic disturbance that is present before, during and after the early development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (de la Torre and Mussivand, 1993;de la Torre, 2002ade la Torre, , b, 2004Johnson and Albert, 2000;Cabranes et al, 2004). What seems clear is that vascular NO is found in very high amounts in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, one of the principal and primary sites of AD pathology (Dinerman et al, 1994;Doyle and Slater, 1997;Kalaria, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Vascular Nitric Oxide after Rat Chronic Brain Hypoperfusion: Spatial Memory and Immunocytochemical Changes

Torre

Aliev

2005

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

109

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An aging rat model of chronic brain hypoperfusion (CBH) that mimics human mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was used to examine the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms on spatial memory function. Rats with CBH underwent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-vessel occlusion (2-VO)) for either 26 or 8 weeks and were compared with nonoccluded sham controls (S-VO). The neuronal and endothelial (nNOS/eNOS) constitutive inhibitor nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 20 mg/kg was administered after 26 weeks for 3 days to 2-VO and S-VO groups and spatial memory was assessed with a modified Morris watermaze test. Only 2-VO rats worsened their spatial memory ability after L-NAME. Electron microscopic immunocytochemical examination using an antibody against eNOS showed 2-VO rats had significant loss or absence of eNOS-containing positive gold particles in hippocampal endothelium and these changes were associated with endothelial cell compression, mitochondrial damage and heavy amyloid deposition in hippocampal capillaries and perivascular region. In the 8-week study, three groups of 2-VO rats were administered an acute dose of 7-NI, aminoguanidine or L-NIO, the relatively selective inhibitors of nNOS, inducible NOS and eNOS. Only rats administered the eNOS inhibitor L-NIO worsened markedly their watermaze performance (P ¼ 0.009) when compared with S-VO nonoccluded controls. We conclude from these findings that vascular nitric oxide derived from eNOS may play a critical role in spatial memory function during CBH possibly by keeping cerebral perfusion optimal through its regulation of microvessel tone and cerebral blood flow and that disruption of this mechanism can result in spatial memory impairment. These findings may identify therapeutic targets for preventing MCI and treating Alzheimer's disease.

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Relevance of functional neuroimaging in the progression of mild cognitive impairment

Abstract: The combination of functional imaging and neuropsychological tests can diagnose with high sensitivity and specificity if a patient is suffering cognitive impairment in its early stages, and may aid in predicting the risk of developing dementia.

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Volume cerebral blood flow reduction in pre-clinical stage of Alzheimer disease:

Volume cerebral blood flow reduction in pre-clinical stage of Alzheimer disease:

Cerebral perfusion correlates of conversion to Alzheimer's disease in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Inhibition of Vascular Nitric Oxide after Rat Chronic Brain Hypoperfusion: Spatial Memory and Immunocytochemical Changes

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