Relevance of Facial Expression and Posture as Cues in Communication of Affect Between Monkeys

Empathy: A unitary circuit or a set of dissociable neuro-cognitive systems?

“…Seventy-three percent of the time, the subject pressed the bar to this agitation alone, displaying "piloerection, urination, defecation and excited behavior" (Mirsky et al 1958, p. 437). The response to pictures was less strong and clear than to the live animals, but the response was stronger to pictures of familiar monkeys than unfamiliar ones (Miller et al 1959a). The response to pictures was less strong and clear than to the live animals, but the response was stronger to pictures of familiar monkeys than unfamiliar ones (Miller et al 1959a).…”

“…The perception-action model is supported when existing behavioral data on empathy is combined with recent data from physiology and functional neuroanatomy. ) Past Familiarity Similarity Learning experience Salience Rats Church 1959;Lavery & Foley 1963;Watanabe & Ono 1986 Rice & Gainer 1962 Monkeys Aureli et al 1989;Miller et al 1966;Masserman et al 1964;Miller et al 1959a;Aureli et al 1997;Miller et al 1967;Miller et al 1967Miller & Deets 1976Cords & Thurnheer Miller et al 1959aDemaria & Thierry 2001;Masserman et al 1964;Miller et al 1959a Apes O' Connell 1995Yerkes & Yerkes 1929Povinelli et al 1992aO'Connell, 1995 Zahn-Waxler & Martin & Clark Capps & Sigman Lamb & Zakhireh 1997;infants Radke -Yarrow 1982;Simner 1996;Thompson Sagi & Hoffman 1982Simner 1971 Human Zahn-Waxler Feshbach & Krebs 1970;Murphy 1937Eisenberg et al 1990children 1982;Zahn-Roe 1968;Eisenberg et al Eisenberg et al 1993Waxler et al Rosekrans 1967Radke-Yarrow 1984;Farver Shantz 1975;Trivers 1974; & Branstetter Smith 1988Ungerer 1990…”

“…(Miller et al 1959b) Preston & de Waal (P&deW) provide a comprehensive model to explain the evolution of empathic behavior by adapting the Perception as Action model (PAM), originally proposed by Prinz (1997). .…”

“…In the pioneering work of Miller and colleagues, an extinguished avoidance response was not only reinstated when the CS was changed to a conspecific's fear expression, but spontaneously more responses were maintained in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus (US) (Miller et al 1959a). In the pioneering work of Miller and colleagues, an extinguished avoidance response was not only reinstated when the CS was changed to a conspecific's fear expression, but spontaneously more responses were maintained in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus (US) (Miller et al 1959a).…”

Sensitivity to Spatiotemporal Percepts Predicts the Perception of Emotion

“…The communication of emotion is an organic process in both humans and animals (Buck, Savin, Miller, and Caul 1969; Darwin 1872; Miller, Murphy, and Mirsky 1959). The ability to accurately perceive emotions is related to enhanced socioemotional functioning across the lifespan (Halberstadt and Hall 1980; Halberstadt, Parker, and Castro 2013; Hodgins and Zuckerman 1990; Pitterman and Nowicki 2004; Sabatelli, Buck, and Dreyer 1982; Sternglanz and DePaulo 2004; Trentacosta and Fine 2010) while the inability to accurately perceive emotions has been implicated in several psychological impairments, including autism (Ashwin, Chapman, Colle, and Baron-Cohen 2006; Ingersoll 2010) and schizophrenia (Shean, Bell, and Cameron 2007; Toomey, Schuldberg, Corrigan, and Green 2002; Toomey, Wallace, Corrigan, Schuldberg, and Green 1997).…”