Relevance of Carbon Sequestration to the Physiological and Morphological Traits of Several Green Roof Plants during the First Year after Construction

Abstract

Different vegetation types used for the extensive green roofs have characteristic physiological and morphological traits (e.g., C 3 , C 4 , or CAM photosynthesis, deciduous or evergreen). Several Sedum species are recognized as "inducible CAM" type plants. These differences in the physiological and morphological traits have a considerable effect on the carbon sequestration in the green roofs. The objective of the present study was to quantify the carbon sequestration in several green roof plants during the first year after the construction of the green roofs and to clarify the relevance of the physiological and morphological traits to each plant's ability to sequester carbon in its body using the growth analysis method. We used Zoysia matrella, Ophiopogon japonicus, and Sedum mexicanum species for the study wherein, S. mexicanum was assigned to the wet, dry, and non-irrigation treatments, and Z. matrella and O. japonicus only received the wet treatment. During the first year after the construction, carbon sequestration in the plants and the substrate of S. mexicanum was in the range of 276 to 364 g-C/m 2 /year, which was similar to that of O. japonicus and the finding of a previous study. In contrast, Z. matrella exhibited the highest carbon sequestration (670 g-C/m 2 /year), which is also expressed as the relative plant C-sequestration rate per whole-plant C-content (RGR c ), because Z. matrella is a C 4 plant and exhibits the highest net assimilation rate (NAR c ) of all species. Significant differences were not observed in RGR c , NAR c , and RMF (root mass fraction) in S. mexicanum between the wet and dry treatments. These results suggest that in countries with high rainfall, a high frequency of irrigation has an insignificant effect on the physiological and morphological characteristics, and carbon sequestration in the Sedum green roofs.

Tipburn Incidence and Ca Acquisition and Distribution in Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) Cultivars under Different Ca Concentrations in Nutrient Solution

“…Acquisition competence of elements (e.g., calcium, carbon, nitrogen) has been quantified by applying growth analysis methods [17][18][19][20][21]. In addition, path analysis has been conducted to quantify the relevance of the relative growth rate (RGR) and its components (e.g., leaf area ratio (LAR), net assimilation rate (NAR), specific leaf area (SLA), and specific nitrogen absorption rate (SAR) in roots) in plant ecology [22][23][24][25].…”

Extensive Urban Green Roof Shows Consistent Annual Net Uptake of Carbon as Documented by 5 Years of Eddy‐Covariance Flux Measurements

“…Kuronuma and Watanabe (2017b) measured plant and substrate carbon concentrations for Sedum mexicanum on a green roof in Chiba (Japan) for 1 year in a temperate and humid climate. Carbon sequestration amounted to −336 g C m −2 y −1 for wet conditions with regular irrigation and −276 g C m −2 y −1 for periods without irrigation.…”

Interplay between Plant Functional Traits and Soil Carbon Sequestration under Ambient and Elevated CO2 Levels

“…Leaf area may affect CA by influencing the photosynthesis rate [65]. For instance, an analysis by Kuronoma and Watanabe [66] among three different green roof plants demonstrated that the plant species with the lowest leaf area ratio per whole plant C content had the maximum CS rate. Zoysia matrella (a C4 grass species) had the lowest leaf area ratio per whole plant C content of 0.0094 m 2 (g-C) −1 with a very high CS rate of 2.95 (g-C) pot −1 year −1 or 670 (g-C) m −2 year −1 .…”