Relevance of Attention in Auditory Sensory Gating Paradigms in Schizophrenia

Gjini, Klevest; Burroughs, Scott; Boutros, Nash N.

doi:10.1027/0269-8803/a000042

Cited by 31 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Gjini et al (2011 found attention to S2 increased the S1 response in both healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia, while only S2 amplitudes increased as a function of attention in healthy participants. This resulted in improved sensory gating ratios in patients, and a reduced group difference (Gjini et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic effects of cannabis on sensory gating

Broyd

Greenwood

Croft

et al. 2013

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Chronic cannabis use has been associated with neurocognitive deficits, alterations in brain structure and function, and with psychosis. This study investigated the effects of chronic cannabis use on P50 sensory-gating in regular users, and explored the association between sensory gating, cannabis use history and the development of psychotic-like symptoms. Twenty controls and 21 regular cannabis users completed a P50 paired-click (S1 and S2) paradigm with an inter-pair interval of 9. s. The groups were compared on P50 amplitude to S1 and S2, P50 ratio (S2/S1) and P50 difference score (S1-S2). While cannabis users overall did not differ from controls on P50 measures, prolonged duration of regular use was associated with greater impairment in sensory gating as indexed by both P50 ratio and difference scores (including after controlling for tobacco use). Long-term cannabis users were found to have worse sensory gating ratios and difference scores compared to short-term users and controls. P50 metrics did not correlate significantly with any measure of psychotic-like symptoms in cannabis users. These results suggest that prolonged exposure to cannabis results in impaired P50 sensory-gating in long-term cannabis users. While it is possible that these deficits may have pre-dated cannabis use and reflect a vulnerability to cannabis use, their association with increasing years of cannabis use suggests that this is not the case. Impaired P50 sensory-gating ratios have also been reported in patients with schizophrenia and may indicate a similar underlying pathology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Edwards et al, 2009) and passive tasks (e.g. Patrick et al, 1999;Rentzsch et al, 2007). Gjini et al (2011 found attention to S2 increased the S1 response in both healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia, while only S2 amplitudes increased as a function of attention in healthy participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic effects of cannabis on sensory gating

Broyd

Greenwood

Croft

et al. 2013

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…An EEG technologist monitored the ongoing EEG to make sure subjects did not drift into drowsiness or sleep. Prior studies showed that only focused attention on the pairs of stimuli (e.g., counting odd pairs embedded among standard pairs) can influence the P50 response or its gating (Guterman et al, 1992; Jerger et al, 1992; Gjini et al, 2011). AERs were recorded from subdural strip and grid electrodes (sampling rate 1000 Hz per channel), with reference to both mastoids (the most common reference used for gating studies).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping repetition suppression of the P50 evoked response to the human cerebral cortex

Boutros

Gjini

Eickhoff

et al. 2013

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective-The cerebral network subserving repetition suppression (RS) of the P50 auditory evoked response as observed using paired-identical-stimulus (S1-S2) paradigms is not welldescribed Methods-We analyzed S1-S2 data from electrodes placed on the cortices of 64 epilepsy patients. We identified regions with maximal amplitude responses to S1 (i.e., stimulus registration), regions with maximal suppression of responses to S2 relative to S1 (i.e., RS), and regions with no or minimal RS 30-80ms post stimulation.Results-Several temporal, parietal and cingulate area regions were shown to have significant initial registration activity (i.e., strong P50 response to S1). Moreover, prefrontal, cingulate, and parietal lobe regions not previously proposed to be part of the P50 habituation neural circuitry were found to exhibit significant RS.Conclusions-The data suggest that the neural network underlying the initial phases of the RS process may include regions not previously thought to be involved like the parietal and cingulate cortexes. In addition, a significant role for the frontal lobe in mediating this function is supported.Significance-A number of regions of interest are identified through invasive recording that will allow further probing of the RS function using less invasive technology.

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“…An additional research question concerns the effects of attention on sensory adaptation. Recent studies have attempted to examine this interaction and, although the findings are still equivocal, there is some evidence for attention‐modulated auditory adaptation (Rosburg et al ., ; Gjini et al ., ). This is of particular interest for both the characterization of adaptation in the general population, and in clinical groups, particularly those with documented attention deficits (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatio‐temporal dynamics of adaptation in the human visual system: a high‐density electrical mapping study

Andrade

Butler

Mercier

et al. 2015

Eur J of Neuroscience

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When sensory inputs are presented serially, response amplitudes to stimulus repetitions generally decrease as a function of presentation rate, diminishing rapidly as inter-stimulus-intervals (ISIs) fall below a second. This “adaptation” is believed to represent mechanisms by which sensory systems reduce responsivity to consistent environmental inputs, freeing resources to respond to potentially more relevant inputs. While auditory adaptation functions have been relatively well-characterized, considerably less is known about visual adaptation in humans. Here, high-density visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded while two paradigms were used to interrogate visual adaptation. The first presented stimulus pairs with varying ISIs, comparing VEP amplitude to the second stimulus to that of the first (paired-presentation). The second involved blocks of stimulation (N=100) at various ISIs and comparison of VEP amplitude between blocks of differing ISIs (block-presentation). Robust VEP modulations were evident as a function of presentation rate in the block-paradigm with strongest modulations in the 130–150ms and 160–180ms visual processing phases. In paired-presentations, with ISIs of just 200–300 ms, an enhancement of VEP was evident when comparing S2 to S1, with no significant effect of presentation rate. Importantly, in block-presentations, adaptation effects were statistically robust at the individual participant level. These data suggest that a more taxing block-presentation paradigm is better suited to engage visual adaptation mechanisms than a paired-presentation design. The increased sensitivity of the visual processing metric obtained in the block-paradigm has implications for the examination of visual processing deficits in clinical populations.

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Relevance of Attention in Auditory Sensory Gating Paradigms in Schizophrenia

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Chronic effects of cannabis on sensory gating

Chronic effects of cannabis on sensory gating

Mapping repetition suppression of the P50 evoked response to the human cerebral cortex

Spatio‐temporal dynamics of adaptation in the human visual system: a high‐density electrical mapping study

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