Releases of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) from microplastics in aqueous medium: Kinetics and molecular-size dependence of diffusion

Sun, Bo; Hu, Yuanan; Cheng, Hefa; Tao, Shu

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.017

Cited by 137 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These in vitro studies suggest that a variety of chemical and physiological cues in different species and sections of the GIT may change the absorption profile of MPs to leach out chemicals internalized within the particle as well as those bound to the external surface of the particle. Chemicals within MPs often include additives such as flame retardants and bisphenols which are added to plastics to achieve certain properties (Chen, Allgeier, et al, 2019; Gunaalan et al, 2020; Sun, Nan, et al, 2019), while externally bound chemicals may include a variety of pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, pesticides and heavy metals encountered and bound in the freshwater environment (Atugoda et al, 2020; Bradney et al, 2019; Caruso, 2019; Guan et al, 2020). MPs may therefore vector or leach a range of different chemicals into fish and other biota that then produce effects according to factors such as the type of chemical, concentration, where the chemical is released within the GIT and whether the chemicals are taken up across the intestinal barrier (Bradney et al, 2019; Gunaalan et al, 2020).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Mps In Freshwater Fishes: From Sources To Egestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics in freshwater fishes: Occurrence, impacts and future perspectives

et al. 2021

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Microplastics (MPs) are small, plastic particles of various shapes, sizes and polymers.Although well studied in marine systems, their roles and importance in freshwater environments remain uncertain. Nevertheless, the restricted ranges and variable traits of freshwater fishes result in their communities being important receptors and strong bioindicators of MP pollution. Here, the current knowledge on MPs in freshwater fishes is synthesized, along with the development of recommendations for future research and sample processing. MPs are commonly ingested and passively taken up by numerous freshwater fishes, with ingestion patterns often related to individual traits (e.g. body size, trophic level) and environmental factors (e.g. local urbanization, habitat features). Controlled MP exposure studies highlight various effects on fish physiology, biochemistry and behaviour that are often complex, unpredictable, species-specific and nonlinear in respect of dose-response relationships.Egestion is typically rapid and effective, although particles of a particular shape and/ or size may remain, or translocate across the intestinal wall to other organs via the blood. Regarding future studies, there is a need to understand the interactions of MP pollution with other anthropogenic stressors (e.g. warming, eutrophication), with a concomitant requirement to increase the complexity of studies to enable impact assessment at population, community and ecosystem levels, and to determine whether there are consequences for processes, such as parasite transmission, where MPs could vector parasites or increase infection susceptibility. This knowledge will determine the extent to which MP pollution can be considered a major anthropogenic stressor of freshwaters in this era of global environmental change.

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Section: Occurrence Of Mps In Freshwater Fishes: From Sources To Egestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics in freshwater fishes: Occurrence, impacts and future perspectives

et al. 2021

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“…Desorption of hydrophobic organic pollutants from plastics is generally slow, and the leaching rate of chemical additives from plastic into water depends on time. [83][84][85] For example, the desorption halflives of polychlorinated biphenyls from PE pellets are estimated to be 14 days to 210 years, 83 and the leaching rate of brominated diphenyl ethers-209 from HDPE plate is calculated as 2.1 x 10 5 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license made available under a (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.…”

Section: Simulation Of Wet-dry Cycles In the Soil Environment The Diffusion Of Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Microplastics on Nematodes in the Soil Environment: Tracking the Extractable Additives Using an Ecotoxicological Approach

Kim

Waldman

Kim

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

147

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With an increasing interest in the effects of microplastic in the soil environment, there is a need to thoroughly evaluate potential adverse effects of these particles as a function of their characteristics (size, shape, and composition). In addition, extractable chemical additives from microplastic have been identified as an important toxicity pathway in the aquatic environment. However, we currently know little about effects of such additives in the soil environment. In this study on nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), we adopted an ecotoxicological approach to assess the potential effects of thirteen different microplastics with different characteristics and extractable additives. We found that toxic effects appear to increase in the order of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film < polypropylene (PP) fragments < high-density polyethylene (HDPE) fragments ≈ polystyrene (PS) fragments < polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragments ≈ polyacrylicnitrile (PAN) fibers. Acute toxicity was mainly attributed to the extractable additives: when the additives were extracted, the toxic effects of each microplastic disappeared in the acute soil toxicity test. The harmful effects of LDPE film and PAN fibers increased when the microplastics were maintained in soil for a longterm period with frequent wet-dry cycles. We here provide clear evidence that microplastic toxicity in the soil is highly related to particle characteristics and extractable additives. Our results suggest that future experiments consider extractable additives as a key explanatory variable.

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“…Ingesting microplastics from mysids, therefore, changed the size composition of plastics in fish stomach, and may have enhanced the leaching of chemicals. Compounds with high molecular weight and high hydrophobicity such as BDE209 and DBDPE (Table 1) were considered difficult to leach out from plastics and to transfer into biological tissues (Braekevelt et al, 2003; Cheng et al, 2020; Sun et al, 2019). However, we demonstrated the elevated accumulation of these compounds in the fish by ingesting microplastics from mysids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic transfer of microplastics enhances plastic additive accumulation in fish

Hasegawa

Mizukawa

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A variety of chemical additives are incorporated into plastics during their production process to give desirable properties. Although studies have suggested that microplastic ingestion can lead to accumulation of these chemicals in marine organisms, none provided the direct evidence in fish species. Here, we demonstrated the tissue accumulation of chemical additives in fish following microplastic ingestion. We exposed fish (Myoxocephalus brandti) to polyethylene microplastics compounded with brominated flame retardants (BFRs; BDE209, DBDPE) and ultraviolet stabilizers (UVs; UV-234, UV-327, BP-12) suspended in the water column, or to mysids (Neomysis spp.) pre-exposed to the same microplastics. Our results showed a maximum of 345-fold higher concentrations of additives in fish exposed to microplastics than the ambient sample. Also, fish fed plastic-exposed mysids accumulated significantly greater concentrations of BFRs in muscle than fish exposed to microplastics suspended in the water column (p < 0.001). This indicates that trophic transfer of microplastics has greater contribution to tissue accumulation of BFRs in fish than the waterborne ingestion. In contrast, no significant difference in the accumulation of UVs was found between the treatments, except for UV-327 in liver. These results suggests that the relative contribution between direct ingestion of microplastics from the water column and indirect ingestion via trophic transfer on tissue accumulation of additives in fish varies among compounds. Compounds with high molecular weight and high hydrophobicity like BDE209 and DBDPE were considered difficult to leach out from plastics, however, our study showed that trophic transfer of microplastics can facilitate the accumulation of such compounds from plastics to fish.

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Releases of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) from microplastics in aqueous medium: Kinetics and molecular-size dependence of diffusion

Cited by 137 publications

References 45 publications

Microplastics in freshwater fishes: Occurrence, impacts and future perspectives

Microplastics in freshwater fishes: Occurrence, impacts and future perspectives

Effects of Different Microplastics on Nematodes in the Soil Environment: Tracking the Extractable Additives Using an Ecotoxicological Approach

Trophic transfer of microplastics enhances plastic additive accumulation in fish

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