Release Profiles of Dexamethasone Dipropionate from Admixtures of Steroid and Heparinoid Ointments Prepared by Different Mixing Methods

Abstract

Characterization and release profiles of commercial dexamethasone dipropionate (DDP) from an innovator and 2 generic ointments (Methaderm (IM), Promethasone (GP), and Mainvate (GM)) and their admixtures with heparinoid ointment (Hirudoid Soft) were investigated. The admixtures were prepared using 2 mixing methods (slab or rotation/revolution mixer). Microscopic and FT-Raman spectrometric analyses revealed that the ointments, except for IM, contained DDP crystals. A silicone membrane was used for the evaluation of the DDP permeation. The permeated DDP amounts from GP and GM were lower than that from IM, indicating that DDP solubility in the ointment vehicle affected the release of DDP from the ointment. No significant differences were observed in DDP release between IM alone and its admixture prepared using a slab; however, DDP release from the admixture prepared using a rotation/revolution mixer was significantly lower than those from IM alone and its admixture by slab. In the GP system, DDP release from the admixtures by the 2 mixing methods was higher than that from GP alone, whereas no significant difference in DDP release between the 2 mixing methods was observed. No significant differences were observed between the GM and admixtures. The apparent solubility of DDP in the admixtures as determined by the ultracentrifugal separation method indicated that the DDP amount in the liquid phase of admixtures with GP was 6 times higher than that of admixtures with IM or GM. Therefore, the apparent solubility of DDP in the liquid phase in the GP system might influence the DDP release in admixtures.

Atopic Dermatitis in Older Adults: A Review of Treatment Options

“…In older patients, however, topical treatment with the use of multiple external drugs may become difficult because of patients' lower self-care ability. Therefore, to improve adherence to external treatment in older patients with AD, it is sometimes necessary to prescribe topical corticosteroids and moisturizers as an admixed preparation, although the medicinal properties and stability of the drugs may be somewhat unstable [56].…”

Stability of Mixed Preparations Consisting of Commercial Moisturizing Creams with an Ointment Base Investigated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

“…A number of other studies found significant destabilization of the mixed preparations (e.g., phase separation into distinct layers and bleeding of oil components). 1,3,13,14) In the present study, we focused on the compatibility of moisturizing creams with an ointment base. We tested various commercial creams that are popularly used in Japan.…”

MRI Monitoring of the Mixed State of Admixtures Consisting of Moisturizing Cream and Steroid Ointment during the Mixing Process by a Revolution/Rotation-Type Hybrid Mixer

“…The mixing operation is aimed at improving patient compliance; the admixture allows the patients to reduce the frequency of application and modify the sticky and uncomfortable texture of the ointment base. [1][2][3][4][5] For the mixing operation, a centrifuge-type apparatus called "a revolution/rotation" hybrid mixer is widely used in pharmacy. 6) This apparatus comprises a main rotary head mounted on a vertical axis for the rotation motion and a secondary rotor mounted in bearings on the main head for the revolution motion.…”