RELEASE OF [<sup>3</sup>H]-ACETYLCHOLINE FROM THE ISOLATED RETINA OF THE RAT BY POTASSIUM DEPOLARIZATION: DEPENDENCE ON HIGH AFFINITY CHOLINE UPTAKE

Massey, Steve; Neal, M. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1979.tb07828.x

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although ACh release in the retina has been studied with radioactive isotopes since 1970's (Masland and Ames, 1976; Masland and Mills, 1979; Massey and Neal, 1979a; Massey and Neal, 1979b), the synaptic mechanism and synaptic circuitry of cholinergic transmission have remained poorly understood. Our dual patch-clamp recordings from SACs and DSGCs now clearly detected fast nicotinic synaptic transmission, which consisted of a fast initial peak component, followed by a much smaller and prolonged/slow component (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of ACh-GABA Cotransmission in Detecting Image Motion and Motion Direction

Lee

Kim

Zhou

2010

Neuron

209

272

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Starburst amacrine cells (SACs) process complex visual signals in the retina using both ACh and GABA, but the synaptic organization and function of ACh-GABA corelease remain unclear. Here, we show that SACs make cholinergic synapses onto On-Off direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) from all directions, but make GABAergic synapses onto DSGCs only from the null direction. ACh and GABA were released differentially in a Ca2+ level-specific manner, suggesting the two transmitters were released from different vesicle populations. Despite the symmetric cholinergic connection, the light-evoked cholinergic input to a DSGC, detected at both light onset and offset, was motion- and direction-sensitive. This input was facilitated by two-spot apparent motion in the preferred direction, but supressed in the null direction, presumably by a GABAergic mechnism. The results revealed a new level of synaptic intricacy in the starburst circuit and suggest differential, yet synergistic, roles of ACh-GABA cotransmission in motion sensitivity and direction selectivity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of ACh-GABA Cotransmission in Detecting Image Motion and Motion Direction

Lee

Kim

Zhou

2010

Neuron

209

272

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, certain comparisons of the results reported here with those obtained with intact tissues must be made. In chick isolated retina (Massey and Neal, 1979) and the iris-ciliary nerve , preparations in which both cell somata and nerve endings are present, high-affinity choline uptake is substantially inhibited by substitution of sucrose for NaCl, and acetylcholine synthesis is blocked almost completely. However, in the chick ciliary ganglion (a relatively pure source of cholinergic neurons) Na+-dependent, high-affinity uptake of choline by the ganglionic endings was hidden by the much larger contribution to choline uptake by postganglionic cell somata and nonneuronal tissues in the ganglion .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choline Uptake by the Neuroblastoma X Glioma Hybrid, NG108‐15

McGee

1980

Journal of Neurochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid clone NG108-15 is able to release acetylcholine upon depolarization and form cholinergic neuromuscular synapses in culture. Normal functioning of cholinergic synapses is thought to be dependent on the ability of a neuron to take up extracellular choline, since neurons are unable to synthesize choline de novo. For these two reasons it became important to characterize the choline uptake system of NG108-15 cells. The uptake system appears to bear little if any resemblance to the Na+-dependent high-affinity choline uptake system normally associated with cholinergic neurons. Although the cells appear to possess both high- and low-affinity choline uptake systems, neither system is dependent on Na+ and uptake actually is increased about 60% by the substitution of sucrose for NaCl. Acetylcholine synthesis also is not dependent on Na+, since sucrose, substituted for NaCl, also stimulates acetylcholine synthesis. Changes in the concentrations of the other ions in the uptake medium have little effect on uptake, with the exception that elevated Ca2+ or Mg2+ reverses the stimulation of choline uptake produced by substitution of sucrose for NaCl. Choline uptake is inhibited by hemicholinium-3, but only at high concentrations of the drug (IC50 = 30-80 microM). The metabolic poisons cyanide and iodoacetate inhibit uptake by only 30-40%. Growth of the cells in N6,O2' dibutyryladenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, which promotes functional and morphological differentiation of the cells, decreased slightly the total amount of choline taken up but had no additional effect on the uptake system. Thus, it appears that NG108-15 cells are capable of forming functional cholinergic synapses with muscle cells even though the neuroblastoma does not possess the high-affinity choline uptake system normally associated with cholinergic neurons.

show abstract

“…The methods have been described in detail previously (Massey & Neal, 1979;Neal & Massey, 1980;Neal & Cunningham, 1982). Briefly, adult albino rabbits were anaesthetized with urethane (1-5 g/kg i.p.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A preliminary account of some of this work has been published (Cunningham & Neal, 1984;Neal, 1983b). METHODS The methods have been described in detail previously (Massey & Neal, 1979;Neal & Massey, 1980;Neal & Cunningham, 1982). Briefly, adult albino rabbits were anaesthetized with urethane (1-5 g/kg i.p.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of excitatory amino acids and analogues on [3H]acetylcholine release from amacrine cells of the rabbit retina.

Cunningham¹,

Neal²

1985

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RELEASE OF [³H]-ACETYLCHOLINE FROM THE ISOLATED RETINA OF THE RAT BY POTASSIUM DEPOLARIZATION: DEPENDENCE ON HIGH AFFINITY CHOLINE UPTAKE

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Role of ACh-GABA Cotransmission in Detecting Image Motion and Motion Direction

Role of ACh-GABA Cotransmission in Detecting Image Motion and Motion Direction

Choline Uptake by the Neuroblastoma X Glioma Hybrid, NG108‐15

Effect of excitatory amino acids and analogues on [3H]acetylcholine release from amacrine cells of the rabbit retina.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

RELEASE OF [3H]-ACETYLCHOLINE FROM THE ISOLATED RETINA OF THE RAT BY POTASSIUM DEPOLARIZATION: DEPENDENCE ON HIGH AFFINITY CHOLINE UPTAKE

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Role of ACh-GABA Cotransmission in Detecting Image Motion and Motion Direction

Role of ACh-GABA Cotransmission in Detecting Image Motion and Motion Direction

Choline Uptake by the Neuroblastoma X Glioma Hybrid, NG108‐15

Effect of excitatory amino acids and analogues on [3H]acetylcholine release from amacrine cells of the rabbit retina.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

RELEASE OF [³H]-ACETYLCHOLINE FROM THE ISOLATED RETINA OF THE RAT BY POTASSIUM DEPOLARIZATION: DEPENDENCE ON HIGH AFFINITY CHOLINE UPTAKE