Release of redox enzymes and micro-RNAs in extracellular vesicles, during infection and inflammation

Caserta, Stefano; Ghezzi, Pietro

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.010

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…They show great potential in oral drug delivery, providing several-fold increases in the oral bioavailability or bioaccessibility of poorly soluble drugs such as curcumin, puerarin, and rutin. Pickering emulsions can simultaneously solubilize poorly soluble drugs and enhance their permeation across biomembranes [ 8 ], displaying great resilience to coalescence and Ostwald ripening [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Case Study: Delivery Systems For Oral Cancer and Associated ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such ROS cannot be quenched by endogenous antioxidants (AOs), leading to alterations of the redox homeostasis equilibrium that are essential for biological functions and, finally, pathology. Usually, ROS levels are tightly regulated by the antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems, and cells respond to an eventual overproduction of ROS by modifying metabolic and genetic reprogramming, increasing the production of NADPH, superoxide dismutases (SODS), glutathione, and thioredoxins in an attempt to return to homeostatic levels [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innovative Delivery and Release Systems for Antioxidants and Other Active Substances in the Treatment of Cancer

et al. 2023

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Cancer is one of the major diseases leading to death worldwide, and the fight against the disease is still challenging. Cancer diseases are usually associated with increased oxidative stress and the accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as a result of metabolic alterations or signaling aberrations. While numerous antioxidants exhibit potential therapeutic properties, their clinical efficiency against cancer is limited and even unproven. Conventional anticancer antioxidants and drugs have, among others, the great disadvantage of low bioavailability, poor targeting efficiency, and serious side effects, constraining their use in the fight against diseases. Here, we review the rationale for and recent advances in potential delivery systems that could eventually be employed in clinical research on antioxidant therapy in cancer. We also review some of the various strategies aimed at enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble active drugs, including engineered delivery systems such as lipid-based, polymeric, and inorganic formulations. The use of cyclodextrins, micro- and nanoemulsions, and thermosensitive smart liposomes as useful systems for the delivery and release of poorly aqueous-soluble drugs, improving their bioactivity and stability, is also addressed. We also provide some details on their formulation processes and their use in a variety of medical applications. Finally, we briefly cover a case study specifically focused on the use of delivery systems to minimize oral cancer and associated dental problems.

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Section: Case Study: Delivery Systems For Oral Cancer and Associated ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Delivery and Release Systems for Antioxidants and Other Active Substances in the Treatment of Cancer

et al. 2023

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“…Membrane transport and fusion proteins, transmembrane proteins, and marker proteins such as CD63 and CD9 are found on the vesicle surface, while heat shock proteins, signal transduction proteins, and backbone proteins are found in the vesicle lumen. Exosome-specific proteins are physicochemically stable, less vulnerable to the extracellular setting, and may play an essential role in disease development [ 104 , 105 ].…”

Section: Exosome-specific Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting Fire with Fire: Exosomes and Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury

et al. 2022

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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a prevalent clinical condition of the digestive system, with a growing frequency each year. Approximately 20% of patients suffer from severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with local consequences and multi-organ failure, putting a significant strain on patients’ health insurance. According to reports, the lungs are particularly susceptible to SAP. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, a severe type of acute lung injury (ALI), is the primary cause of mortality among AP patients. Controlling the mortality associated with SAP requires an understanding of the etiology of AP-associated ALI, the discovery of biomarkers for the early detection of ALI, and the identification of potentially effective drug treatments. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30–150 nm that are actively released into tissue fluids to mediate biological functions. Exosomes are laden with bioactive cargo, such as lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA. During the initial stages of AP, acinar cell-derived exosomes suppress forkhead box protein O1 expression, resulting in M1 macrophage polarization. Similarly, macrophage-derived exosomes activate inflammatory pathways within endothelium or epithelial cells, promoting an inflammatory cascade response. On the other hand, a part of exosome cargo performs tissue repair and anti-inflammatory actions and inhibits the cytokine storm during AP. Other reviews have detailed the function of exosomes in the development of AP, chronic pancreatitis, and autoimmune pancreatitis. The discoveries involving exosomes at the intersection of AP and acute lung injury (ALI) are reviewed here. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of exosomes in AP and associated ALI. With the continuous improvement of technological tools, the research on exosomes has gradually shifted from basic to clinical applications. Several exosome-specific non-coding RNAs and proteins can be used as novel molecular markers to assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of AP and associated ALI.

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“…The ROS levels are tightly regulated by antioxidant systems, including enzymatic antioxidant and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems. To accommodate oxidative stress, cells modify metabolic and genetic reprogramming, thereby leading to increased production of NADPH, glutathione (GSH, l -γ-glutamyl- l -cysteinyl-glycine), superoxide dismutases (SODs) and thioredoxins (TRXs), returning ROS to homeostatic levels [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Therapy in Cancer: Rationale and Progress

et al. 2022

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Cancer is characterized by increased oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. Enhanced ROS accumulation, as a result of metabolic disturbances and signaling aberrations, can promote carcinogenesis and malignant progression by inducing gene mutations and activating pro-oncogenic signaling, providing a possible rationale for targeting oxidative stress in cancer treatment. While numerous antioxidants have demonstrated therapeutic potential, their clinical efficacy in cancer remains unproven. Here, we review the rationale for, and recent advances in, pre-clinical and clinical research on antioxidant therapy in cancer, including targeting ROS with nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as NRF2 activators, vitamins, N-acetylcysteine and GSH esters, or targeting ROS with enzymatic antioxidants, such as NOX inhibitors and SOD mimics. In addition, we will offer insights into prospective therapeutic options for improving the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy, which may expand its applications in clinical cancer treatment.

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Release of redox enzymes and micro-RNAs in extracellular vesicles, during infection and inflammation

Cited by 11 publications

References 122 publications

Innovative Delivery and Release Systems for Antioxidants and Other Active Substances in the Treatment of Cancer

Innovative Delivery and Release Systems for Antioxidants and Other Active Substances in the Treatment of Cancer

Fighting Fire with Fire: Exosomes and Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury

Antioxidant Therapy in Cancer: Rationale and Progress

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