Release of phosphorus from thermal conversion of phosphorus-rich biomass chars – Evidence for carbothermic reduction of phosphates

Olsson, Emil O. Lidman; Schmid, Daniel; Kärlstrom, Oskar; Enemark‐Rasmussen, Kasper; Leion, Henrik; Li, Songgeng; Glarborg, Peter; Dam‐Johansen, Kim; Wu, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127706

Cited by 2 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…They showed that the molar ratio of released carbon/phosphorus was close to 2.5 in an inert environment, which is in line with what can be expected for a carbothermic reduction (see section 3.4.12 for details about carbothermic reduction reactions). 58 The release of phosphorus also decreased with the content of oxygen in the feed gas, which was suggested to be a consequence of carbon being consumed by oxygen, thus leaving less carbon available for carbothermic reduction reactions. 58 It was hypothesized that the ash layer formed on the surface of the char in the oxidizing atmospheres may capture some of the phosphorus.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…(c) Solid state 31 P NMR spectra of sunflower seed char, with deconvolution, and a number of reference values (symbols) obtained from the literature − for meta-, pyro-, and orthophosphates of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. Reproduced with permission from Lidman Olsson et al Copyright 2023 Elsevier. (d) XANES spectra of poultry litter together with a deconvolution using the reference spectra for sodium phytate, PO 4 3– sorbed to Al-hydroxide, and hydroxyapatite.…”

Section: Phosphorus In Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The example in Figure c shows that the sunflower seed char sample contained mainly pyro- and/or orthophosphates. 31 P NMR was used to analyze both phosphorus in environmental and agricultural samples, as well as within pyrolysis studies to understand the transformations of phosphorus. − …”

Section: Phosphorus In Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Independent of the environment, the phosphorus release appear to increase quite drastically above Release of phosphorus from grain-and seed-based biomass (green), and algae (blue), converted using pyrolysis (left), combustion (middle), or gasification (right), obtained from literature. 13,41,58,112,121,602,606 WGR stands for wheat grain residues. The letters A, B, and C, used for the rice bran 112 represents different ways of feeding the fuel into the reactor.…”

Section: Release From Grain-and Seed-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…58 It was hypothesized that the ash layer formed on the surface of the char in the oxidizing atmospheres may capture some of the phosphorus. 58 It was also shown that, KMgPO 4 , which has a high melting temperature (1520 °C400 ), and generally is considered to be a stable phosphate, undergo carbothermic reduction in the relevant temperature range (≥1000 °C). 58 A common assumption is that release of phosphorus is caused by the decomposition of organically bound phosphorus.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Phosphorus Chemistry in the Thermal Conversion of Biomass: Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2023

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Phosphorus is vital for all life, which means that phosphorus is present in all biomass to some extent. Some types of biomass, such as certain agricultural residues, animal biomass, and sewage sludge, contain high levels of phosphorus. In thermal conversion of biomass, high levels of phosphorus can cause various operational problems. Extensive work has been carried out to understand the phosphorus chemistry taking place at higher temperatures. However, until now, knowledge about transformation chemistry and fate of phosphorus during thermal conversion of biomass was not easily accessible in one place. In this work, the outcome of an extensive literature review has been summarized. First, an introduction to the role of phosphorus in biomass, and in what forms it may be present, is given. Different analytical techniques relevant for characterization of phosphorus in biomass, biomass char, and biomass ash are described. A classification of phosphorus-rich biomass is proposed, and the potential of different phosphorus-rich biomass types is presented. To provide a common basis for the field of high-temperature phosphorus chemistry, fundamental chemistry relevant for thermal conversion of biomass is first discussed. This includes the gas phase chemistry and reaction pathways of light phosphorus species, pyrolysis, and combustion of organophosphorus compounds, and solid, liquid, and gaseous interactions with other ash-forming elements. Thereafter, an in-depth review of phosphorus transformations in biomass, including decomposition of organic phosphorus, ash transformations in the condensed phase, release to the gas phase, and formation of particulate matter in the flue gas follows. Finally, the review covers research focusing on phosphorus in different application aspects, such as the use of phosphorus as an additive to mitigate operational problems related to slag and deposit formation, the behavior of phosphorus in fluidized bed technologies, corrosion, and the deactivation of SCR catalysts.

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Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 98%