Release of nickel and chromium ions in the saliva of patients with fixed orthodontic appliance: An in-vivo study

Dwivedi, Anoop; Tikku, Tripti; Khanna, Rohit; Maurya, Rana Pratap; Verma, Geeta; Murthy, Ramesh

doi:10.4103/0975-5950.168224

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The main advantage of the in-vitro part of this study is that it can easily standardize all the variables which are difficult to control in-vivo. Meanwhile, the in-vivo part has many advantages as the artificial saliva undergoes precipitation over a period of time and is not allowed to flow through the system as intraoral and the release of any salivary ion is affected by many factors such as pH, quantity and temperature of saliva, microflora, chemical and physical properties of food and drink, and the general oral health condition, which could give a better and reliable result (60) . Therefore, this study had in-vitro and in vivo part to complement each other to obtain guaranteed results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Multiple Stainless Steel Crowns on Salivary pH, Nickel, and Chromium Levels

Beltagy

2020

Egyptian Dental Journal

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Background: The use of stainless steel crowns (SSCs) in pediatric dentistry is widely used. Recently, there has been an increasing ecological and global public health concern associated with environmental contamination by metallic alloys. Aim of the study: To determine the in-vitro and in-vivo effect of multiple stainless steel crowns on the salivary pH, nickel and chromium levels at different periods. Materials and methods:This study consisted of: I-In-vitro study: A total of 200 standard sizes of SSCs were divided into 4 groups (10 samples/each). Each sample/group contained 2, 4, 6, and 8 SSCs, respectively. All SSCs were trimmed 1mm circumferentially, smoothed, re-contoured, fitted, and cemented on standard crowns of plastic teeth models. Each group was placed in a closed container containing artificial saliva with a standard pH. II-In-vivo study: A total of 40 patients indicated for SSC restorations were selected, aged 5-9 years. Similar to in-vitro, they were allocated into 4 groups according to the numbers of SSCs restorations used. 5ml of unstimulated saliva was taken for pH, nickel, and chromium analysis at 5-intervals: baseline, and 1day, 1week, 2weeks, 1month, and 2-months post-cementation. Data analysis: The mean and standard deviations, one way ANOVA, and the Person correlation coefficient were used. The level of significance was adopted at p≤0.05. Results: In both studies:The more the increase in the number of SSCs, the more the increase in acidity and release of ions. As regards pH value; within the groups at 5 intervals, there was only a significant difference in groups containing 8 SSCs and 6 SSCs, and between the intervals and the baseline (p≤0.05). The group that has 8 SSCs recorded the lowest pH value. Among groups: in-vitro: all groups showed a significant difference during 3-time intervals (p≤0.05) except at 2-months; the difference was not significant (p>0.05), while in-vivo, the difference was not significant (p>0.05). As regards the released ions: Within groups, both studies showed a significant difference among all intervals, and between the intervals and the baseline (p≤0.05). Among groups: In-vitro, all groups showed significant differences during the intervals (p≤0.05), while the only period showing no significant difference was at 2 months in the chromium group (p>0.05). The group that has 8 SSCs recorded the highest level and the difference was significant (p≤0.05). The peak level of the released ions and reduced pH value was at 1day and 1week for in-vitro and in-vivo study, respectively. Conclusion:The released nickel and chromium ions were directly proportional to the number of stainless steel crowns whereas the pH value was inversely proportional. The maximum level recorded was 1day and 1-week post-cementation for in-vitro and in-vivo study, respectively. The peak released of ions was much lower than the toxic level or the level of dietary intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because most of the studies reported that the salivary nickel and chromium levels peak at the first months post-treatment (4,23,36,38,52,60) , especially at the first one, and might tend to reduce later "back to baseline levels or lower". Thus, the 2 months were selected as a recall end interval in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Multiple Stainless Steel Crowns on Salivary pH, Nickel, and Chromium Levels

Beltagy

2020

Egyptian Dental Journal

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“…In addition, some in-vivo researches showed biologic toxicity in orthodontic patients. 12,13 Few clinical studies on the orthodontic metal ion release lack any clinical trials, thus and in view of the lack any assessments of orthodontic materials in-vitro or clinically, the purpose of the present study aimed to evaluate the salivary amount of Nickel, Chromium and Iron ions in orthodontic patients before treatment, one month and four months after the beginning of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Salivary Nickel, Chromium and Iron Ions in Patients Treated with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances in Vivo Study

Hamad¹,

Hassan²

2018

EDJ

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Background and objectives:Most fixed orthodontic appliances are made of stainless steel and Nickel-Titanium alloys, which can release metal ions into the oral cavity. The present study aimed to determine the release of Nickel, Chromium and Iron ions into saliva of patients treated with a fixed orthodontic appliance. Subjects and methods: Saliva samples from 18 patients (9 males and 9 females) between 15-25 years were taken at three different time points, group A: before placement of the appliance directly (baseline), group B: one month after appliance placement, Group C: four months after appliance placement. The fixed appliance consists of 20 stainless steel brackets, 4 buccal tubes, and superelastic Nickel-Titanium archwires. Level of ions in salivary samples was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma ̸ Optical Emission Spectrometry. Ions recorded in parts per billion. Statistical analysis was performed by nonparametric tests (Friedman) and one way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Level of Nickel, Chromium and Iron ions in saliva were highest in group B and lowest in group A. on a pairwise comparison between different groups, it was statistically significant for all groups (< 0.05) except for Iron levels between group A and group C which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Nickel, Chromium and Iron levels in saliva were increased after the placement of fixed orthodontic appliance.

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“…In general, Ni helps bone health and production of red blood cells. But, high dose of Ni can cause serious problems including acting as a mutating substance by causing alteration in DNA . Other complications include sarcoma, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But, high dose of Ni can cause serious problems including acting as a mutating substance by causing alteration in DNA. 2 Other complications include sarcoma, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. 3,4 It has been reported that patients with a functioning and failed metal prosthesis show relatively high metal sensitivity of 25% and 60% respectively, compared to 10-17% in general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser surface modification of 316L stainless steel

et al. 2017

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Medical grade 316L stainless steel was laser surface melted (LSM) using continuous wave Nd-YAG laser in argon atmosphere at 1 and 5 mm/s. The treated surfaces were characterized using electron backscatter diffraction to study the influence of top surface crystallographic orientation and type of grain boundaries on corrosion resistance, wettability, and biocompatibility. The laser scan velocity was found to have a marginal influence on the surface roughness and the type of grain boundaries. However, the crystal orientation density was found to be relatively high in 1 mm/s samples. The LSM samples showed a higher concentration of {101} and {123} planes parallel to the sample surface as well as a higher fraction of low-angle grain boundaries. The LSM samples were found to exhibit better surface wettability and enhanced the viability and proliferation of human fetal osteoblast cells in vitro when compared to the untreated samples. Further, the corrosion protection efficiency of 316L stainless steel was improved up to 70% by LSM in as-processed condition. The increased concentration of {101} and {123} planes on surfaces of LSM samples increases their surface energy, which is believed to be responsible for the improved in vitro cell proliferation. Further, the increased lattice spacing of these planes and high concentration of low-energy grain boundaries in LSM samples would have contributed to the better in vitro corrosion resistance than untreated 316L stainless steel. Our results indicate that LSM can be a potential treatment option for 316L stainless steel-based biomedical devices to improve biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 569-577, 2018.

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Release of nickel and chromium ions in the saliva of patients with fixed orthodontic appliance: An in-vivo study

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of Multiple Stainless Steel Crowns on Salivary pH, Nickel, and Chromium Levels

Effect of Multiple Stainless Steel Crowns on Salivary pH, Nickel, and Chromium Levels

Evaluation of Salivary Nickel, Chromium and Iron Ions in Patients Treated with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances in Vivo Study

Laser surface modification of 316L stainless steel

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