Release of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP) by oral ingestion of food substances

Cleator, I. G. M.; Gourlay, Robert H.

doi:10.1016/0002-9610(75)90360-8

Cited by 142 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Various workers [2,6,18,19] have demonstrated that intravenous infusions of either insulin or glucose reduce the rise in plasma GIP provoked by fat ingestion and have suggested the existance of a negative feedback control of insulin upon GIP release. In the present study the control group of rats on a low fat diet showed inhibition of fat-induced GIP release by insulin but the fat-pretreated ones did not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pretreatment with a high fat diet on the gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin responses to oral triolein and glucose in rats

1983

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Summary.Male Wistar rats were pretreated with 3 ml triolein orally for 4 days in addition to their normal diet. A similar control group were allowed free access to normal laboratory food. When given an oral fat load (1 ml triolein) plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the fat pretreated group. Inhibition of fat-stimulated GIP release by exogenous insulin was demonstrated in the untreated control group (plasma GIP: 663 +49 versus 853 + 92 ng/1, mean_+ SEM p < 0.025), but pretreatment with an oral fat load abolished this effect (plasma GIP: 1008+95 versus 1116+100ng/1, p NS). Plasma glucose levels were significantly higher in fat pretreated rats given oral fat and intraperitoneal insulin compared with untreated controls (plasma glucose nadir 2.6+0.48 versus 1.6+0.15 mmol/1, p< 0.05). Fat-pretreated rats showed significantly higher insulin and glucose levels compared with the untreated rats when given oral glucose (plasma insulin: 6.2 + 1.2 versus 2.5+0.59p~g/1, p<0.01; plasma glucose: 10.2+0.39 versus 8.9 _+ 0.41 mmol/1, p < 0.025). Pretreatment of rats on a high fat diet causes (1) increased GIP secretion in response to an oral fat load, (2) abolition of the feed-back inhibition of exogenous insulin on fat-stimulated GIP release, and (3) some degree of insulin resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pretreatment with a high fat diet on the gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin responses to oral triolein and glucose in rats

1983

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“…[86][87][88] Its primary stimuli are fat and carbohydrates reaching the duodenum after meal ingestion. 89 The presence of nutrients in the duodenum must be coupled with nutrient absorption to trigger GIP secretion. 90 Further, such secretion is reduced in patients with intestinal malabsorption.…”

Section: Impact Of Bariatric Surgery On Bone Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bariatric surgery and bone disease: from clinical perspective to molecular insights

et al. 2012

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“…Studies in humans, however, have shown conflicting results. There is evidence, using a glucose clamp technique, that the insulinotropic action of oral glucose-stimulated GIP (7) occurs only during hyperglycemia, but also evidence that amino acid-stimulated GIP is insulinotropic in the absence of hyperglycemia (5,8). The involvement ofa glucose-dependent mechanism for the insulinotropic action of fat-stimulated GIP has been reported from nonsteady-state conditions (8-10), but has not been investigated using a glucose clamp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Fat-stimulated Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide on Pancreatic Alpha and Beta Cell Function

et al. 1980

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A B S T R A C T Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is considered to be the principal mediator of the enteroinsular axis. A glucose-insulin clamp technique was used to study the effects of differing blood glucose levels on the insulinotropic and glucagonotropic actions of fat-stimulated GIP in seven healthy subjects, as well as the effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on GIP secretion. Blood glucose levels were clamped for 4 h at 43+2 mg/dl (hypoglycemic clamp), 88+1 mg/dl (euglycemic clamp), and 141+2 mg/dl (hyperglycemic clamp) in the presence of a constant insulin infusion (100 mU/kg per h).Under hypoglycemic clamp conditions there was no increase in C-peptide nor glucagon after Lipomul ingestion, despite an increase of GIP of 51.7±8.7 ng/ml per 120 min. Under euglycemic clamp conditions, small and inconsistent increases in C-peptide and glucagon were observed after fat ingestion and a concomitant increase of GIP of 35.2±9.4 ng/ml per 120 min. Under hyperglycemic clamp conditions after fat ingestion and a GIP increase of 24.0±5.7 ng/ml per 120 min, C-peptide increased from 6.4±5 ng/ml to 11.0±1.1 ng/ml (P < 0.01) but glucagon did not change. These findings confirm that in healthy man GIP exerts its insulinotropic properties only under hyperglycemic conditions and indicate that GIP is not glucagonotropic.Under euglycemic clamp conditions (plasma glucose, 89±1 mg/dl) and physiologic hyperinsulinemia (serum immunoreactive insulin, 137±3 ,uU/ml) GIP responses to fat ingestion (39.7±9.8 ng/ml per 120 min) were not different from the GIP responses to fat ingestion in the absence of hyperinsulinemia (39.7±11.1 ng/ml per 120 min). Therefore, insulin under normogly- cemic conditions does not exert an inhibitory effect on fat-stimulated GIP secretion. The higher GIP response to oral fat in the hypoglycemic clamp, and the lower GIP response in the hyperglycemic clamp compared to the response in the euglycemic clamp suggests an effect of glycemia itself on GIP secretion in the presence of hyperinstulinemia.

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Release of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP) by oral ingestion of food substances

Cited by 142 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of pretreatment with a high fat diet on the gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin responses to oral triolein and glucose in rats

Effect of pretreatment with a high fat diet on the gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin responses to oral triolein and glucose in rats

Bariatric surgery and bone disease: from clinical perspective to molecular insights

Interaction of Fat-stimulated Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide on Pancreatic Alpha and Beta Cell Function

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