Release of hazardous substances in flood events: Damage model for atmospheric storage tanks

Development of generic bow-tie diagrams of accidental scenarios triggered by flooding of industrial facilities (Natech)

“…This could be an interesting solution for the problem, but this database is still not very well known and thus, presents limited number of reported accidents. Another solution is the development of specific equipment damage models to flood, as it has been done by Landucci et al (2012Landucci et al ( , 2014 for atmospheric vertical vessels and for horizontal cylindrical vessels at atmospheric or at high pressures. These models may facilitate the assessment of flood Natech risk.…”

“…Therefore, some interesting work was recently done in developing damage models for atmospheric vertical vessels (Landucci et al, 2012) and for horizontal cylindrical vessels at atmospheric or at high pressures (Landucci et al, 2014). The aim of Landucci et al (2014) is helping the implementation of Natech scenarios in conventional Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) studies, in particular the frequency assessment which needs to take into account both parameters related to the likelihood of the natural event and to the credibility of equipment failures.…”

“…The aim of Landucci et al (2014) is helping the implementation of Natech scenarios in conventional Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) studies, in particular the frequency assessment which needs to take into account both parameters related to the likelihood of the natural event and to the credibility of equipment failures. For this purpose, specific flood equipment damage models for atmospheric vertical vessels (Landucci et al, 2012) and for horizontal cylindrical vessels (Landucci et al, 2014) were developed. The models elaborated help calculating the failure probability of these specific vessels as function of flood severity.…”

“…Both modeling approaches were validated against available literature data and several correlations were derived for the estimation of vessels resistance to flood events. These models were tested in case studies (Landucci et al, 2012(Landucci et al, , 2014 and applied preliminary in quantitative risk assessment of chemical sites (Landucci et al, 2013).…”

Quantitative assessment of risk due to NaTech scenarios caused by floods

“…This was previously discussed by Landucci et al [24] and Cozzani et al [25], where the use of equipment vulnerability models was applied to the assessment of domino effect due to internal process causes (e.g., fires, explosions, and fragment projection). With respect to NaTech scenarios triggered by floods, recent studies allowed determining specific fragility models for both atmospheric and pressurized equipment, considering different types of geometries and flooding conditions [26][27][28]. Such models represent an important upgrade of the previous overconservative tools available to assess equipment fragility due to floods (e.g.…”