Release of bisphenol A and its derivatives from orthodontic adhesive systems available on the European market as a potential health risk factor

The challenge of separating and determining biologically active electrostatically stabilized silanates using the high‐performance liquid chromatography technique

“…presented in Table 2a-c). As the results obtained on the octadecyl phase were not satisfactory, the octyl phase was applied [25][26][27]. This, however, also failed to provide satisfactory separation of the analyzed compounds.…”

Bisphenol A – A Possible Health Issue Arising from Dental Restoratives. A Review

“…Malkiewicz et al, stated that this assumption might be too optimistic since, in clinical practice, excess OA may escape from the bracket base during positioning and might not be entirely removed by the practitioner prior polymerisation [61]. Another contra-argument is the fact that the OA is located under the bracket base, and during the polymerisation process, UV light access is debatable, especially in the case of metallic brackets where UV light to the resin is provided only by the transillumination through the enamel [61]. Santini et al, evaluated the total light energy (TLE) transmission through ceramic brackets [62].…”

“…Using HPLC, they assessed the eluted levels of BPA. Samples were stored in water, and BPA polymers and Bis-GMA concentrations evaluated at one hour, 24 hours, seven days and 31 days [61]. All three possible eluted substances were un-detected in all of the samples.…”

“…The eluted Bis-GMA material had the highest concentration 1 hour after storage and was highest in the water solution, 425.0 μg/ml. The conclusion was that BPA and its derivatives are released into the environment, and the highest released quantity in aqueous solution is immediately after placement [61].…”

“…Malkiewicz detected BPA at 32.1 μg/ml., one hour after curing OA samples in vitro [61]. Fleisch et al, reported the detection of salivary BPA up to three hours after the placement of RBCs and Van Landuyt et al, observed 132.36 μmol of salivary BPA in the first twenty-four hours after a full molar RBC crown [2,34].…”