Release of anthropogenic xenon to the atmosphere: a large-scale isotope dilution

Yetunde, Aregbe; Mayer, Klaus; Valkiers, S.; Bièvre, Paul De

doi:10.1016/0168-1176(96)04375-3

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…We consider the general case in which two gas samples X and Y are mixed to form a blend B, such that the blend contains N x and N y atoms from samples X and Y , respectively, and B = N x /N y . If the ratio of any two stable xenon isotopes i, j in the original samples X and Y is R ijX and R ijY , respectively, then the ratio in the blend R ijB is given by the dilution equation [14,15]…”

Section: Dilution Of the Xenon Ratio Into The Natural Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Determining reactor flux from xenon-136 and cesium-135 in spent fuel

Hayes

Jungman

2012

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The ability to infer the reactor flux from spent fuel or seized fissile material would enhance the tools of nuclear forensics and nuclear nonproliferation significantly. We show that reactor flux can be inferred from the ratios of xenon-136 to xenon-134 and cesium-135 to cesium-137. If the average flux of a reactor is known, the flux inferred from measurements of spent fuel could help determine whether that spent fuel was loaded as a blanket or close to the mid-plane of the reactor. The cesium ratio also provides information on reactor shutdowns during the irradiation of fuel, which could prove valuable for identifying the reactor in question through comparisons with satellite reactor heat monitoring data. We derive analytic expressions for these correlations and compare them to experimental data and to detailed reactor burn simulations. The enrichment of the original uranium fuel affects the correlations by up to 3 percent, but only at high flux. * Electronic address: anna˙hayes@lanl.gov

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Section: Dilution Of the Xenon Ratio Into The Natural Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Determining reactor flux from xenon-136 and cesium-135 in spent fuel

Hayes

Jungman

2012

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…Two batches of xenon, isotopically enriched in 129 Xe and 136 Xe, were obtained from Chemotrade (Düsseldorf, Germany). These two enriched isotopes were chosen because they are important for environmental monitoring [14,15]. The natural xenon used in the preparation originated from L'Air Liquide (Belgium).…”

Section: The Enriched Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring amount ratios of gas isotopes by two primary methods

Yetunde¹,

Valkiers²,

Mayer³

et al. 1998

Metrologia

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Procedures developed for accurate measurement of amount of substance ratios for gas isotopes, as used to improve our knowledge of the Avogadro constant and checked for quantitative conformity against kinetic gas theory, were used to measure synthetic mixtures of enriched xenon gas isotopes, prepared by (micro)-gravimetry as is usual in the preparation of synthetic gas compound mixtures. This allowed a totally independent evaluation, on the same samples, of the relative combined standard uncertainty of (a) the procedure to perform direct measurements of amount of substance ratios of gas isotopes in the redetermination of the Avogadro constant and (b) the gravimetric preparation procedure. The results of both procedures, mass spectrometry and gravimetry, agree to a relative uncertainty of 2 × 10-3 for amount measurements of the major abundant isotopes. Thus it seems that a direct measurement of isotopic gas mixtures (e.g. of natural isotopic composition) is now possible for xenon isotopes- and probably also for other gaseous isotopes- without necessarily having to rely on ''calibration'' by means of values provided by measurements of gravimetrically prepared isotope mixtures. However, synthetic mixtures may be needed for validation and verification purposes, in particular for quality assurance (QA).

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“…Measurement of Kr and Xe isotope ratios is not uncommon in the fields of nuclear chemistry [4,5] and geology [6,7] and is usually performed by crushing or heating a sample in a metal cup, electrically or optically using a laser. The minute amount of released gas is purified with a getter to remove other gaseous contaminants also released such as N 2 , O 2 , H 2 O, CO 2 etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The preparation of non-radioactive glassy surrogate nuclear explosion debris (SNED) loaded with isotopically altered Xe

Liezers

Carman

Eiden

2015

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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The measurement of Kr and Xe isotope ratios in nuclear explosion debris can be performed requiring little sample preparation. Fragments of debris are simply crushed or heated to release trapped gases Kr and Xe arising from fission product decay. As a suitable test material for this measurement, we have been investigating a method to incorporate isotopically enriched 129 Xe in glassy materials that mimic nuclear explosion debris. The approach used to prepare these materials will be described along with some of the example results obtained.

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Release of anthropogenic xenon to the atmosphere: a large-scale isotope dilution

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Determining reactor flux from xenon-136 and cesium-135 in spent fuel

Determining reactor flux from xenon-136 and cesium-135 in spent fuel

Measuring amount ratios of gas isotopes by two primary methods

The preparation of non-radioactive glassy surrogate nuclear explosion debris (SNED) loaded with isotopically altered Xe

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