Release of Amino‐ or Carboxy‐Containing Compounds Triggered by HOCl: Application for Imaging and Drug Design

Abstract

The overproduction of HOCl is highly correlated with diseases such as atherosclerosis,rheumatoid arthritis,and cancer.Whilst acting as amarker of these diseases,HOCl might also be used as an activator of prodrugs or drug delivery systems for the treatment of the corresponding disease.Int his work, anew platform of HOCl probes has been developed that integrates detection, imaging,a nd therapeutic functions.T he probes can detect HOCl, using both NIR emission and the naked eye in vitro,w ith high sensitivity and selectivity at ultralow concentrations (the detection limit is at the nanomolar level). Basal levels of HOCl can be imaged in HL-60 cells without special stimulation. Moreover,the probes provided by this platform can rapidly release either amino-or carboxycontaining compounds from prodrugs,during HOCl detection and imaging,t orealize at herapeutic effect. Figure 1. a) Our previous work. b) The design strategyo fthis work. Supportinginformation and the ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under: https://doi.

From Fluorescent Probes to the Theranostics Platform

“…To solve this problem, we developed a HOCl‐regulated amino and carboxyl release platform by optimizing the structure of our reported probes. [ 115 ] The probes constructed with this platform could quickly respond to HOCl in aqueous, and not only release MB fluorophore for detection, but also release the corresponding amino or carboxyl compound. Because the amino and carboxyl groups are the active sites of many drugs, this platform could be used to construct HOCl‐regulated prodrugs with integrated diagnosis and treatment functions (Figure 12).…”

The design of fluorescein–ferrocene derivatives as HOCl-triggered turn-on fluorescent probes and anticancer prodrugs

“…6,7 However, biological ROS concentrations at the tumor site are still relatively low, and hence, most reported ROS-responsive materials need better sensitivity and release efficacy for drug activation. [8][9][10] HOCl is one kind of endogenic ROS produced by H 2 O 2 and Cl − through the peroxidation reaction of myeloperoxidase (MPO). 11 Abnormal HOCl levels have been found to favor tumor disease progression.…”

A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe for rapid sensing of HClO in living cells and zebrafish

“…Therefore, it is possible to monitor individual compounds in biological systems in real time by fluorescence imaging. Currently, fluorescent probes for HClO have been developed for both in vitro and in vivo imaging ( Zhou et al, 2012 ; Mao et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ; Ren et al, 2019 ; Wei et al, 2019 ; Wu et al, 2019 ; Lin et al, 2020 ; Shi et al, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2020 ; Fang et al, 2022 ). Unfortunately, there are more or less certain defects for some developed probes, including a slow reaction rate, short emission wavelength, and a small Stokes shift, which limit their capabilities for imaging and detecting HClO in living cells.…”