Release from proactive interference in compound and coordinate bilinguals

Dillon, Richard F.; McCormack, P. D.; Petrusic, William M.; Cook, Gaynoll M.; Lafleur, Luce

doi:10.3758/bf03329277

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Soon, however, some scholars started claiming that the coordinate/compound distinction was not always evident, and that they found no signi®cant differences in the associations produced by the two types of bilinguals (e.g., Dillon, McCormack, Petrusic, Cook & La¯eur, 1973). Diller (1974) wrote a scathing attack on the compound/coordinate distinction, calling it a``conceptual artifact''.…”

Section: Five Decades Of Modeling the Bilingual Lexiconmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approaches to concepts in bilingual memory

1999

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In this paper, I argue that current approaches to modeling of concepts in bilingual memory privilege word representation at the expense of concept representation. I identify four problems with the study of concepts in bilingual memory: con¯ation of semantic and conceptual levels of representation; scarcity of methods targeting conceptual representation; assumption of the static nature of the conceptual store; and insuf®cient acknowledgment of linguistic and cultural speci®city of concepts. Basing my arguments on recent developments in the ®elds of neurolinguistics, linguistics, psychology, linguistic anthropology, and second language acquisition, I suggest new approaches to the study of concepts in bilingualism, based on notions of concept comparability and concept encoding. Subsequently, I discuss various ways in which concepts could develop and interact with each other in bilingual memory and address possible individual, psycholinguistic, and sociolinguistic constraints on conceptual representation and interaction in bilingual memory.

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Section: Five Decades Of Modeling the Bilingual Lexiconmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approaches to concepts in bilingual memory

1999

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“…If the semantic category was switched on the fourth trial, say to animals, there was a significant rise in subjects' ability to remember these words after 20 s. It was suggested that words from the same semantic category may become easily confused in short-term memory, whereas memories of words from a different category are more easily discriminated and retrieved. Subsequently, release from PI in short-term memory was shown with changes along other dimensions, such as display size (Turvey & Egan, 1969), the occupations of famous people (Darling & Valentine, 2005), the language of word presentation (Dillon et al, 1973), and a change in presentation sensory modality (Kroll, Bee, & Gurski, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release from proactive interference in rat spatial working memory

et al. 2017

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A three-phase procedure was used to produce proactive interference (PI) in one trial on an eight-arm radial maze. Rats were forced to enter four arms for reward on an initial interference phase, to then enter the four remaining arms on a target phase, and to then choose among all eight arms on a retention test, with only the arms not visited in the target phase containing reward. Control trials involved only the target phase and the retention test. Lower accuracy was found on PI trials than on control trials, but performance on PI trials significantly exceeded chance, showing some retention of target memories. Changes in temporal and reward variables between the interference, target, and retention test phases showed release from PI, but changes in context and pattern of arm entry did not. It is suggested that the release from PI paradigm can be used to understand spatial memory encoding in rats and other species.

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“…Several nonsemantic attributes of words differ across languages. Dillon et al (1973) suggested that the change in phoneme set across languages causes the language-shift recovery. O'Neill and Huot (1984) evaluated this possibility with recall of consonant-vowel-consonant nonsense syllables presented auditorially with either English or French pronunciations.…”

Section: Release From Proactive Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive integration of language and memory in bilinguals: Semantic representation.

Francis

1999

Psychological Bulletin

205

148

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Understanding cognitive research on the integration of 2 languages in bilingual memory is difficult because of the different terminology, methodology, analysis, and interpretation strategies that scholars with different backgrounds bring to the research. These studies can be usefully categorized on 2 dimensions: memory for verbal experience versus linguistic knowledge, and systemwise versus pairwise issues. Experimental findings in this area converge on the conclusion that at the word meaning/ conceptual level, both episodic and linguistic memory can be characterized as shared at the systems level and at least partly shared at the pairwise translation-equivalent level. Interpretation problems that stem from weak hypothesis testing structure and from covert translation can be minimized by using appropriate design and analysis techniques.Simply put, bilingualism, or using two languages to communicate, is a tool that allows people with different languages to exchange information. A biblical account of the origin of the world's many languages is given in the Old Testament story of the Tower of Babel, where it is written that God divided the tower's builders by giving them different languages. Without a common language with which to communicate, the builders failed in their goal of constructing the tower. Ironically, a similar situation has arisen in research on bilingualism in that researchers may be lacking a common language. This division has come about not because of any divine intervention but because researchers talk about the phenomena differently or "speak different languages," thereby introducing confusion in the research community. A translator is needed to clarify the links between these different research languages to assist researchers in understanding one another and to facilitate the building of research in this field.Cognitive psychologists, especially those with an informationprocessing perspective, try to clarify the organization of the mental representations and processes involved in thought. These representations and processes are, of course, fundamental to the structure and processes of language as well. An important debate relating to bilingualism focuses on whether two languages access one common or two separate conceptual systems. A cursory reading of the literature would suggest that there is evidence for both views. In this review, however, we see that the preponderance of evidence favors a single conceptual system and that there is little if any evidence to the contrary. Unfortunately, the data from many A preliminary version of this article formed part of my doctoral dissertation completed at the University of California, Los Angeles. I especially thank Nancy Henley for her comments, suggestions, and discussions through the early stages of this project. Thanks also to Tom Wickens, Ward O'Neill, and Allan Paivio for their helpful comments on previous versions of the manuscript and to John Gabrieli for making resources available for its completion.Correspondence concerning this article shoul...

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Release from proactive interference in compound and coordinate bilinguals

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

New approaches to concepts in bilingual memory

New approaches to concepts in bilingual memory

Release from proactive interference in rat spatial working memory

Cognitive integration of language and memory in bilinguals: Semantic representation.

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