Release density, dispersal capacity, and optimal rearing conditions for<i>Telenomus remus</i>, an egg parasitoid of<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, in maize

Salazar-Mendoza, Paolo; Rodriguez‐Saona, Cesar

doi:10.1080/09583157.2020.1776841

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Parasitism rates are also related to the number of parasitoids released and to host density. In the present study, the number of T. remus released was ≈30,000 per ha, which is relatively low compared to other field studies and guidelines [18,19,21,28,33] that recommend 50,000 to 200,000 adults per ha. However, in Venezuela, which is the only country where T. remus has been used for biological control of fall armyworm continuously for many years, release rates have been much lower [20] and, nowadays, a release rate of 5000 wasps per ha is recommended (F. Ferrer, personal communication).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…In the major rainy season, mean egg parasitism rates were low compared to other studies [18,19,21], but those studies used sentinel egg masses to measure parasitism. Sentinel eggs are often sterilized and, thus, available for parasitism for longer than normal eggs, which hatch after only 3 days under tropical conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…All control plots were situated between 150 m and 400 m from release sites. The minimum distance of 150 m was established based on dispersal experiments stating that T. remus females do not spread more than a few dozen meters when released in maize fields [19,30]. However, those observations were made with high numbers of sentinel eggs exposed beside the released wasps, and for a maximum of four days after the releases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to the fact that egg masses often consist of several layers and the female moth covers egg masses with scales from her body that provide a barrier to Trichogramma females, but not to T. remus. Studies from the Americas have shown that augmentative releases of T. remus in maize fields can result in high parasitism rates on sentinel egg masses of S. frugiperda [17][18][19] and such releases have been conducted on a large scale in Venezuela [20]. However, except one study that assessed the parasitism rate of T. remus on sentinel FAW egg masses in Africa [21], little is known about the real potential of T. remus to control FAW under ecological conditions and agricultural systems and practices in Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Potential of Inoculative Field Releases of Telenomus remus to Control Spodoptera frugiperda in Ghana

Agboyi¹,

Layodé

Fening

et al. 2021

Insects

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In response to the threat caused by the fall armyworm to African maize farmers, we conducted a series of field release studies with the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus in Ghana. Three releases of ≈15,000 individuals each were conducted in maize plots of 0.5 ha each in the major and minor rainy seasons of 2020, and compared to no-release control plots as well as to farmer-managed plots with chemical pest control. No egg mass parasitism was observed directly before the first field release. Egg mass parasitism reached 33% in the T. remus release plot in the major rainy season, while 72–100% of egg masses were parasitized in the minor rainy season, during which pest densities were much lower. However, no significant difference in egg mass parasitism was found among the T. remus release plots, the no-release control plots and the farmer-managed plots. Similarly, no significant decrease in larval numbers or plant damage was found in the T. remus release fields compared to the no-release plots, while lower leaf and tassel damage was observed in farmer-managed plots. Larval parasitism due to other parasitoids reached 18–42% in the major rainy season but was significantly lower in the minor rainy season, with no significant differences among treatments. We did not observe significant differences in cob damage or yield among the three treatments. However, the lack of any significant differences between the release and no-release plots, which may be attributed to parasitoid dispersal during the five weeks of observation, would require further studies to confirm. Interestingly, a single application of Emamectin benzoate did not significantly affect the parasitism rates of T. remus and, thus, merits further investigation in the context of developing IPM strategies against FAW.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Potential of Inoculative Field Releases of Telenomus remus to Control Spodoptera frugiperda in Ghana

Agboyi¹,

Layodé

Fening

et al. 2021

Insects

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“…More than 290 natural enemy resources of S. frugiperda have been reported [ 8 , 9 ]. Among these agents, the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Nixon; Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) is one of the most commonly used effective species for controlling S. frugiperda [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The body length of the parasitoid adult is only 0.5–0.6 mm and usually presents as shiny black in color.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Potential of Using Spodoptera litura Eggs for Mass-Rearing Telenomus remus, a Promising Egg Parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Insects

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Although Telenomus remus, a promising parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda, had been successfully reared on the eggs of Corcyra cephalonica in some countries, reports from China have argued that it is infeasible. Notably, studies from China have indicated that Spodoptera litura eggs could be a candidate host. Therefore, to further evaluate the potential of using S. litura eggs as hosts, we compared the development and parasitism of T. remus on the eggs of S. frugiperda and S. litura at temperatures between 20–32 °C. Our results showed that T. remus developed successfully on both host eggs at all of the tested temperatures, and the developmental duration and thermal requirements at each stage were similar between the two host species. The number of parasitized eggs was greater for S. litura than for S. frugiperda. Meanwhile, the emergence rate exceeded 86.6%, and it was significantly higher for S. litura than that for S. frugiperda, except at 29 °C. This study is the first time estimating the thermal requirements of T. remus at each stage. Moreover, we also recorded the morphological characteristics of T. remus at each stage. Our results demonstrate that S. litura eggs are more suitable than S. frugiperda eggs as an alternative host for the mass-rearing of T. remus in China. Understanding the thermal requirements and biological parameters contributes greatly to predicting the generation time and providing a reference for the mass-rearing and storage of the parasitoid.

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Quality assessment of Telenomus remus successively reared on Spodoptera litura eggs for 30 generations

Chen

Liu

Chen

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Telenomus remus (Nixon) is a dominant natural enemy controlling the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Continuous rearing of egg parasitoids on alternative hosts is crucial for mass production and cost reduction. However, to ensure the effectiveness of natural enemy products against target pests in the field, it is necessary to evaluate the parasitoid quality during the mass‐rearing process. Despite the successful rearing of this parasitoid on the alternative host Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) eggs, less attention has been paid to the quality of parasitoids continuously reared for multiple generations. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of T. remus reared on S. litura eggs for 30 generations via morphological characteristics, flight ability, and life table analysis. RESULTS Wing length, wing width, body length, and right hind tibia length of T. remus did not differ among the different generations. However, the body length of female parasitoids was significantly longer than that of males for any generation. Although the proportion of ‘flyers’ and ‘deformed’ T. remus varied among generations, the flight ability did not decline significantly after rearing on S. litura eggs. Moreover, T. remus continuously reared on S. litura eggs maintained stable parasitism performance and life table parameters on the target host S. frugiperda eggs. CONCLUSION S. litura eggs are suitable hosts for the mass‐rearing of T. remus. This study can be subsequently used to guide the production and facilitate the application of T. remus in the control of S. frugiperda. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Release density, dispersal capacity, and optimal rearing conditions forTelenomus remus, an egg parasitoid ofSpodoptera frugiperda, in maize

Cited by 20 publications

References 60 publications

Assessing the Potential of Inoculative Field Releases of Telenomus remus to Control Spodoptera frugiperda in Ghana

Assessing the Potential of Inoculative Field Releases of Telenomus remus to Control Spodoptera frugiperda in Ghana

Evaluating the Potential of Using Spodoptera litura Eggs for Mass-Rearing Telenomus remus, a Promising Egg Parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda

Quality assessment of Telenomus remus successively reared on Spodoptera litura eggs for 30 generations

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