Release and Biomethylation of Antimony in Shooting Range Soils upon Flooding

Grob, Matthias; Wilcke, Wolfgang; Mestrot, Adrien

doi:10.3390/soilsystems2020034

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(68 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Sb has been reported to exceed the value of 5000 mg/kg when background concentration in the natural environment is only 0.2 mg/kg, and the maximum permissible concentration according to the World Health Organization (WHO) is set at 36 mg/kg [ 3 , 10 , 11 ]. The predominant species are Sb(V) under oxic conditions and Sb(III) under reducing conditions [ 12 ]. In active Sb mining areas, a high Sb fraction is bioavailable, comprised primarily of Sb(V) [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity of Nerium oleander to Phytoremediate Sb-Contaminated Soils Assisted by Organic Acids and Oxygen Nanobubbles

Σερίδου

Monogyiou

Syranidou

et al. 2022

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antimony (Sb) is considered to be a toxic metalloid of increasing prevalence in the environment. Although several phytoremediation studies have been conducted, research regarding the mechanisms of Sb accumulation and translocation within plants remains limited. In this study, soil from a shooting range was collected and spiked with an initial Sb(III) concentration of 50 mg/kg. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate whether Nerium oleander could accumulate Sb in the root and further translocate it to the aboveground tissue. Biostimulation of the soil was performed by the addition of organic acids (OAs), consisting of citric, ascorbic, and oxalic acid at low (7 mmol/kg) or high (70 mmol/kg) concentrations. The impact of irrigation with water supplemented with oxygen nanobubbles (O2NBs) was also investigated. The results demonstrate that there was a loss in plant growth in all treatments and the presence of OAs and O2NBs assisted the plant to maintain the water content at the level close to the control. The plant was not affected with regards to chlorophyll content in all treatments, while the antioxidant enzyme activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) in the roots was found to be significantly higher in the presence of Sb. Results revealed that Sb accumulation was greater in the treatment with the highest OAs concentration, with a bioconcentration factor greater than 1.0. The translocation of Sb for every treatment was very low, confirming that N. oleander plant cannot transfer Sb from the root to the shoots. A higher amount of Sb was accumulated in the plants that were irrigated with the O2NBs, although the translocation of Sb was not increased. The present study provides evidence for the phytoremediation capacity of N. oleander to bioaccumulate Sb when assisted by biostimulation with OAs.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity of Nerium oleander to Phytoremediate Sb-Contaminated Soils Assisted by Organic Acids and Oxygen Nanobubbles

Σερίδου

Monogyiou

Syranidou

et al. 2022

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Frohne et al ( 2011 ) suggested that low redox potential promotes the mobility of methylated Sb, based on the observation that the concentrations of mono- and di-methylated Sb decreased linearly with increasing redox potential in a soil suspension. Grob ( 2016 ) detected TMSb in the pore water of shooting range soils after 4 days of waterlogging, and Yang and He ( 2016 ) found higher concentration of methylated Sb in paddy soils than in dryland soils. Furthermore, the volatile compound trimethylstibine was found in sewage sludge sampled from anaerobic wastewater (Michalke et al, 2000 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and Transformation of Methylated and Inorganic Antimony in Plants

Mestrot

Schulin

et al. 2018

Front. Plant Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Used as a hardening agent in lead bullets, antimony (Sb) has become a major contaminant in shooting range soils of some countries including Switzerland. Soil contamination by Sb is also an environmental problem in countries with Sb-mining activities such as China and Bolivia. Because of its toxicity and relatively high mobility, there is concern over the risk of Sb transfer from contaminated soils into plants, and thus into the food chain. In particular there is very little information on the environmental behavior of methylated antimony, which can be produced by microbial biomethylation of inorganic Sb in contaminated soils. Using a new extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) method, we investigated antimony speciation in roots and shoots of wheat, fescue, rye, and ryegrass plants exposed to trimethyl antimony(V) (TMSb), antimonite (Sb(III)), and antimonate (Sb(V)) in hydroponics. The total root Sb concentrations followed the order Sb(III) treatment > Sb(V) treatment > TMSb treatment, except for fescue. Shoot Sb concentrations, however, did not differ among the three treatments. In the Sb(V) treatment small quantities of TMSb were found in the roots, whereas no TMSb was detected in the roots of Sb(III)-treated plants. In contrast, similar concentrations of TMSb were found in the shoots in both inorganic Sb treatments. The results indicate that biomethylation of Sb may occur in plants. In the TMSb treatment TMSb was the major Sb species, but the two inorganic Sb species were also found both in shoots and roots along with some unknown Sb species, suggesting that also TMSb demethylation may occur within plant tissues. The results furthermore indicate that methylated Sb is more mobile in plants than inorganic Sb species. Knowledge about this is important in risk assessments of Sb-contaminated sites, as methylation may render Sb more toxic than inorganic Sb, as it is known for arsenic (As).

show abstract