Relay-Aided Wireless Sensor Network Discovery Algorithm for Dense Industrial IoT Utilizing ESPAR Antennas

Ademaj, Fjolla; Rzymowski, Mateusz; Bernhard, Hans-Peter; Nyka, Krzysztof; Kulas, Łukasz

doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3075346

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…In [21] a patch antenna was employed in a new structural health monitoring (SHM) system using spectrum sensing and radio-frequency identification technology to measure structural strain. In [22] an electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) was utilized to be used in a dense wireless sensor network operating in a harsh environment (Industrial Internet of Things "IIoT" applications). Moreover, the modelling of these antennas is pretty essential in the antenna design process, for example in [23], since the existing antenna equivalent models are inflexible because they assume rectangular antenna contour, a hybrid-equivalent surface-edge current model was proposed to overcome the limitation of the existing models, these models are pretty useful for vehicle to everything (V2X) communication [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Gain Fan-Beam Pattern Antenna Based on the Utilization of Diffracted Fields From Dielectric Slabs Edges for IoT and Sensing Applications

Al-Alem

Sifat

Antar

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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A high gain, low-cost antenna structure is designed for a smart car parking system. The antenna uses Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide (PRGW) technology, which is fully shielded, and suppresses any parasitic radiation from the feed, and minimizes back-lobe radiation. The proposed antenna uses a single MSL feed point, which eliminates the need for any complex feeding network design, and allows the antenna to be integrated easily with PCB transceiver circuitry. A novel technique for the design procedure is proposed, the technique provides a generalization of using either electric or magnetic excitations with dielectric or magnetic rectangular slabs. A unique physical insight accompanied with a thorough analysis of the propagation mechanism is provided. The technique has a significant impact on reducing the complexity of the feeding network. The realized structure is compact, low profile, and low cost. The beam pattern of the antenna is a Fan-Beam (Elliptical) pattern which is well suited for various sensing and Internet of Things (IoT) applications.INDEX TERMS High gain antennas, internet of things, low-profile antennas, low-cost antennas, smart car parking systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Gain Fan-Beam Pattern Antenna Based on the Utilization of Diffracted Fields From Dielectric Slabs Edges for IoT and Sensing Applications

Al-Alem

Sifat

Antar

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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show abstract

“…In Ref. 44 an electronically steerable parasitic array radiator was used in a dense wireless sensor network. In addition to that, the modelling of antennas is essential in the design process, as an example but not limited to, since the existing antenna equivalent models are inflexible because they assume rectangular antenna contour, a hybrid-equivalent surface-edge current model was proposed in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-wave planar antenna array augmented with a low-cost 3D printed dielectric polarizer for sensing and internet of things (IoT) applications

Al-Alem

Sifat

Antar

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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A unique high gain antenna array with a 3D-printed dielectric polarizer is proposed. The packaging of the antenna array feeding structure is eliminated by aggregating the feeding network in between the antenna elements. This has a significant advantage in maintaining neat and symmetric radiation characteristics with low cross-polarization levels. The proposed structure combines two elements in one feeding point to reduce the array distribution feeding points of a 4 × 4 antenna array from 16 to 8 points. The proposed antenna array structure is extremely low in cost and can be used as either a linearly or circularly polarized one. The antenna array achieves a gain of 20 dBi/dBiC in both scenarios. The matching bandwidth is 4.1%, and the 3-dB Axial Ratio (AR) bandwidth is 6%. The antenna array uses a single substrate layer without the need for any vias. The proposed antenna array suits well various applications at 24 GHz, while maintaining high performance metrics, and low cost. The antenna array can be easily integrated with transceivers due to the use of printed microstrip line technology.

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“…To increase WSNs capabilities, especially when they are installed in challenging environments, in which connectivity problems may be present due to multipath propagation or presence of interfering radio frequency (RF) signals [3,4], WSN nodes can be integrated with energy-efficient switched-beam antennas (SBAs) [5][6][7][8][9] providing a number of directional radiation patterns. Such patterns can easily be switched electronically by a WSN node's integrated microcontroller [9,10] in order to improve the overall network performance, e.g., by focusing antenna beams of WSN nodes towards specific directions, and increasing its energy efficiency [9,[11][12][13][14][15]. Moreover, for a simple low-cost WSN node, it can enable a capability of direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation for received RF signals incoming from different WSN nodes belonging to the same network [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, by integrating energy-efficient ESPAR antennas within WSN nodes employing simple and inexpensive RF transceivers that can measure RSS of incoming packets, it was possible to develop WSN nodes capable of performing DoA estimation [10]. Together with accompanying beam focusing functionality it can improve coverage, connectivity and energy efficiency as well as reduce latencies in the whole network [13][14][15]21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direction of Arrival Estimation Based on Received Signal Strength Using Two-Row Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator Antenna

Rzymowski

Nyka

Kulas

2022

Sensors

Self Cite

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In this paper, we present a novel approach to direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation using two-row electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna which has 12 passive elements and allows for elevation and azimuth beam switching using a simple microcontroller, relying solely on received signal strength (RSS) values measured at the antenna output port. To this end, we thoroughly investigate all 18 available 3D antenna radiation patterns of the antenna measured in an anechoic chamber with respect to radiation coverage in the horizontal and vertical direction and propose a generalization of the power-pattern cross-correlation (PPCC) algorithm involving a high number of multiple calibration planes (MCP) as well as specific combinations of radiation pattern sets. Additionally, a new way of RSS-based DoA estimation accuracy assessment, which involves thorough testing conducted along the elevation direction when RF signals impinging on the antenna arrive from arbitrary θ angles, has been reported in this paper to verify the overall algorithm’s performance. The results obtained for different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels indicate that two-row ESPAR antenna can produce, even for low SNR values, accurate DoA estimation in the horizontal plane without prior knowledge about the elevation direction of the unknown RF signals by using appropriate combinations of only 12 3D antenna radiation patterns.

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Relay-Aided Wireless Sensor Network Discovery Algorithm for Dense Industrial IoT Utilizing ESPAR Antennas

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

High Gain Fan-Beam Pattern Antenna Based on the Utilization of Diffracted Fields From Dielectric Slabs Edges for IoT and Sensing Applications

High Gain Fan-Beam Pattern Antenna Based on the Utilization of Diffracted Fields From Dielectric Slabs Edges for IoT and Sensing Applications

Millimeter-wave planar antenna array augmented with a low-cost 3D printed dielectric polarizer for sensing and internet of things (IoT) applications

Direction of Arrival Estimation Based on Received Signal Strength Using Two-Row Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator Antenna

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