Relatório Temático Água: Biodiversidade, Serviços Ecossistêmicos e Bem-Estar Humano no Brasil

Pires, Aliny P. F.; Farjalla, Vinicius F.; Faria, B. Martins Gomes; Rodriguez, Daniel A.; Gomes, Eli Ana Traversim; Santos, Eldis C.; Sodré, Federica Natasha Ganança Abreu dos Santos; Sabino, José; Espécie, Mariana A.; Pinheiro, Mariana R. C.; Ribeiro, M. Luisa; Bozelli, Reinaldo Luiz; Panosso, Renata F.; Mormul, Roger Paulo; Barthem, Ronaldo Borges; Scofield, Vinicius; Dib, Viviane

doi:10.4322/978-65-00-00068-9

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Ao analisar programas de PSA com foco hídrico, verifica-se que estes podem trazer grandes benefícios à conservação dos ambientes aquáticos brasileiros. Segundo relatório intitulado "Água: biodiversidade, serviços ecossistêmicos e bem-estar humano no Brasil", a conservação dos mananciais e da vegetação ribeirinha proporcionam a manutenção da qualidade hídrica e podem, consequentemente, reduzir, consideravelmente, os gastos com tratamento (PIRES et al, 2018), auxiliando ainda na obtenção das metas propostas pelo ODS 6, com ênfase nas descritas na Figura 1. Nesta, são correlacionadas as metas do ODS6 com as listadas para o programa "Conservador das Águas", experiência de PSA-água pioneira no Brasil.…”

Section: Relação Entre Políticas Públicas Programas De Psa Hídricos E Odsunclassified

Pagamento por serviços ambientais hídricos

Garcia¹,

Longo²

2021

RNGC

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A urbanização desordenada e o aumento populacional configuram um desafio para a manutenção dos ecossistemas. O reconhecimento de que estes são provedores de benefícios econômicos, sociais e ambientais para as sociedades constitui um forte argumento para a elaboração de políticas públicas para a conservação da natureza. Para que estas sejam eficientes, faz-se necessária a adoção de instrumentos econômicos, tais como o Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA). Diante da percepção do agravamento da degradação ambiental, a ONU estabeleceu em 2015 os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo o levantamento bibliográfico de políticas públicas relacionadas a PSA e simultaneamente as metas estabelecidas pelo ODS 6 (gestão sustentável da água e saneamento). Para tanto, consultaram-se base de dados e sites governamentais. O levantamento permitiu concluir que a variedade de planos, programas e projetos de PSA é reflexo da conscientização acerca dos benefícios prestados pelos serviços ambientais. Com a iniciativa de PSA da Costa Rica, a América ainda desponta como um dos polos mais envolvidos no assunto, no entanto, iniciativas em outros países, tais quais França, EUA e Indonésia evidenciam maior interesse pelo tema. No Brasil, a regulamentação de PSA ainda é difusa, e quando analisado o PSA para a conservação hídrica, verifica-se que o mesmo foi recentemente adotado pelas políticas públicas brasileiras, tendo como caso de sucesso o Programa Conservador das Águas do município de Extrema (MG), que deu o start para a implantação de vários outros projetos no país.

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Section: Relação Entre Políticas Públicas Programas De Psa Hídricos E Odsunclassified

Pagamento por serviços ambientais hídricos

Garcia¹,

Longo²

2021

RNGC

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“…In the metropolitan regions, however, the quality of river water is very poor. Agriculture today requires about 50% of the volume of the water collected from water sources in Brazil – and this is growing at 4% each year 46–49 . This means that water availability, water management, and water use will be paramount challenges in the coming decades 50…”

Section: Guidelines For Bioeconomy Development In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioeconomy in Brazil: Opportunities and guidelines for research and public policy for regional development

Carbonell

Cortez

Madi

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The bioeconomy presents an amazing opportunity for developing countries to promote economic and social development. It provides a real possibility for the production, conversion, and environmentally sustainable use of natural resources. Several countries have integrated the bioeconomy into their policy strategies worldwide, encouraged by recent advances and future perspectives in bio‐science and biotechnology, with strong potential to boost economic output. However, making the most of the bioeconomy, and achieving its real benefits, will require new and innovative approaches in science, technology development, and business, and global policies and regulatory frameworks strongly focused on social development and the conservation and preservation of environmental resources. To explore this new scenario, a technological roadmapping exercise was performed during June 2015 and June 2018, involving more than 1500 experts, including researchers, technical experts from the private sector, policymakers, and stakeholders. The main results outline opportunities and technological drivers in research, development, demonstration, and deployment (RDD&D), focusing on regional development for 13 strategic areas of tropical bioeconomy in São Paulo State, Brazil, including the main public policy needs for the development of the bioeconomy. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…The Cerrado, the world's most biodiverse savanna, plays a crucial role in providing ecosystem services, including water supply to many populated areas (Pires et al, 2020). However, 45.4% has been converted to agriculture or pastures, causing regional temperature increase, which could negatively impact the water cycle (Rodrigues et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of grass functional diversity on invasion success by exotic grasses in Cerrado grasslands

Mazzochini,

Lira‐Martins,

de Barros

et al. 2023

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Invasive species pose significant challenges to successful restoration efforts worldwide. A strategy to reduce invasions is to establish communities consisting of species with varied ecological strategies. These strategies typically align along the conservative and plant size axes, and more recently, along a below‐ground collaboration axis. However, we lack understanding of how the diverse ecological strategies of Cerrado grass species, their combinations and their interactions with soil conditions can mitigate invasions. Here, we investigated how native grass communities composed by species with different ecological strategies affect the invasion success in two soil types of abandoned pastures in the Cerrado. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that greater above‐ and below‐ground functional diversity reduces exotic species invasion. We also evaluated whether the isolated effects of native species on invasion were positive or negative. We installed an experiment with species richness ranging from zero to eight native grass species. In November 2019, we sowed species combinations to create communities composed by species with different ecological strategies. We quantified the above‐ground biomass of exotic species as a measure of invasion. To characterize the species ecological strategies, we measured five functional traits. Functional diversity of maximum height and specific root length (SRL) had the highest predictive power; however, the most parsimonious model included only SRL diversity, which represents the collaboration axis. Native above‐ground biomass was also negatively related to exotic species biomass. Furthermore, invasion was greater in less stressful soil conditions but did not interact with diversity. The effect of native species varied from facilitation to competition, with the annual fast‐growing native species favouring invasion. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that greater functional diversity of combined above‐ and below‐ground traits reduces invasion success, shedding light on an underexplored role of specific root length diversity. The competitive and facilitative effects of different native species highlight the need for careful selection of the species to be used in restoration programmes. Furthermore, the absence of interaction between diversity and soil types highlights the need for an integrated management of the functional composition and edaphic factors to increase resistance to invasion in these Neotropical grass communities.

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Relatório Temático Água: Biodiversidade, Serviços Ecossistêmicos e Bem-Estar Humano no Brasil

Cited by 5 publications

References 88 publications

Pagamento por serviços ambientais hídricos

Pagamento por serviços ambientais hídricos

Bioeconomy in Brazil: Opportunities and guidelines for research and public policy for regional development

Effects of grass functional diversity on invasion success by exotic grasses in Cerrado grasslands

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