The process e + e − → ppγ is studied using 469 fb −1 of integrated luminosity collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, at an e + e − center-of-mass energy of 10.6 GeV. From the analysis of the pp invariant mass spectrum, the energy dependence of the cross section for e + e − → pp is measured from threshold to 4.5 GeV. The energy dependence of the ratio of electric and magnetic form factors, |GE/GM |, and the asymmetry in the proton angular distribution are measured for pp masses below 3 GeV. The branching fractions for the decays J/ψ → pp and ψ(2S) → pp are also determined.