Relativistic effects in physics and chemistry of element 105. II. Electronic structure and properties of group 5 elements bromides

Pershina, V.; Sepp, W.‐D.; Fricke, B.; Kolb, D.; Schädel, M.; Ionova, G. V.

doi:10.1063/1.463291

Cited by 51 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This is in disagreement with relativistic molecular calculations (55) predicting that HaBr 5 should have the highest covalency and lowest effective charge of the group 5 bromides, which should make it the most volatile. It may be that the less volatile oxybromide was formed.…”

Section: Renaissance and New Resultscontrasting

confidence: 51%

Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements- One Atom at a Time

Hoffman

Lee

1999

J. Chem. Educ.

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FutureMore "In-Depth" Chemical Studies Chemistry beyond Seaborgium? 93 NpIn keeping with the goal of the Viewpoints series of the Journal of Chemical Education, this article gives a 75-year perspective of the chemistry of the heaviest elements, including a 50-year retrospective view of past developments, a summary of current research achievements and applications, and some predictions about exciting, new developments that might be envisioned within the next 25 years. A historical perspective of the importance of chemical separations in the discoveries of the transuranium elements from neptunium (Z = 93) through mendelevium (Z = 101) is given. The development of techniques for studying the chemical properties of mendelevium and still heavier elements on the basis of measuring the radioactive decay of a single atom ("atom-at-a-time" chemistry) and combining the results of many separate experiments is reviewed. The influence of relativistic effects (expected to increase as Z 2 ) on chemical properties is discussed. The results from recent atom-at-a-time studies of the chemistry of the heaviest elements through seaborgium (Z = 106) are summarized and show that their properties cannot be readily predicted based on simple extrapolation from the properties of their lighter homologues in the periodic table. The prospects for extending chemical studies to still heavier elements than seaborgium are considered and appear promising.

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Section: Renaissance and New Resultscontrasting

confidence: 51%

Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements- One Atom at a Time

Hoffman

Lee

1999

J. Chem. Educ.

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“…From these, it was inferred [113] that DbBr 5 should be more volatile than its lighter homologs, whereas classical extrapolations within the periodic table would yield a lower volatility [20].…”

Section: J V Kratzmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DS DVM calculations allow prediction of the degree of covalency in the bonding and the effective charge on the central atom in halide and oxohalide compounds of the group 5 elements [112][113][114][115].…”

Section: Theoretical Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atomic and ionic radii and the first through fifth ionization potentials were calculated in [111]. Differences between the chemical behavior of Db and the extrapolated properties of an eka-tantalum could result from a larger ionic radius, a different effective charge, and a different radial extension of the 6d orbitals, which are most important in its molecular bondings [100,[110][111][112][113][114][115]. Redox potentials were estimated for the group 5 elements, including the pseudohomolog Pa, on the basis of ionization potentials from MCDF calculations [111,116].…”

Section: Theoretical Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical evaluation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Kratz¹

2003

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Names of countries given after Members' names are in accordance with the IUPAC Handbook 1998Handbook -1999. Republication Abstract: In this paper, the chemical properties of the transactinide elements rutherfordium, Rf (element 104); dubnium, Db (element 105); and seaborgium, Sg (element 106) are critically reviewed. The experimental methods for performing rapid chemical separations on a time scale of seconds are reviewed, and comments are given on the special situation with the transactinides for which the chemistry has to be studied with single atoms. There follows a systematic description of theoretical predictions and experimental results on the chemistry of Rf, Db, and Sg-their mutual comparison and evaluation. The literature cited has the cutoff date of March 1999. The more recent chemical identification of bohrium, Bh (element 107), and of hassium, Hs (element 108), should be evaluated in a future Part II of this report.

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“…From this, a trend in volatility of Nb ≈ Ta > Db was concluded. This is surprising since theoretical calculations, including relativistic effects, predict a higher volatility for DbBr 5 as compared to NbBr 5 and TaBr 5 [46,202]; similarly to the observed sequence in group 4. It was speculated [99] that instead of the pentabromide the DbOBr 3 may have been formed.…”

Section: Gas-phase Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 76%

Chemistry of superheavy elements

Schädel

2012

Radiochimica Acta

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Summary. The chemistry of superheavy elements -or transactinides from their position in the Periodic Table -is summarized. After giving an overview over historical developments, nuclear aspects about synthesis of neutron-rich isotopes of these elements, produced in hot-fusion reactions, and their nuclear decay properties are briefly mentioned. Specific requirements to cope with the one-atom-at-a-time situation in automated chemical separations and recent developments in aqueous-phase and gas-phase chemistry are presented. Exciting, current developments, first applications, and future prospects of chemical separations behind physical recoil separators ("pre-separator") are discussed in detail. The status of our current knowledge about the chemistry of rutherfordium (Rf, element 104), dubnium (Db, element 105), seaborgium (Sg, element 106), bohrium (Bh, element 107), hassium (Hs, element 108), copernicium (Cn, element 112), and element 114 is discussed from an experimental point of view. Recent results are emphasized and compared with empirical extrapolations and with fully-relativistic theoretical calculations, especially also under the aspect of the architecture of the Periodic Table.

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Relativistic effects in physics and chemistry of element 105. II. Electronic structure and properties of group 5 elements bromides

Cited by 51 publications

References 6 publications

Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements- One Atom at a Time

Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements- One Atom at a Time

Critical evaluation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Chemistry of superheavy elements

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