Relatively low primary drug resistant tuberculosis in southwestern Ethiopia

Abebe, Gemeda; Abdissa, Ketema; Abdissa, Alemseged; Apers, Ludwig; Agonafir, Mulualem; Jong, Bouke C. de; Colebunders, Robert

doi:10.1186/1756-0500-5-225

Cited by 53 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our findings is much higher than that seen in Ethiopia where one isolate was resistant to INH [35] and in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka [36] at 5.4% and 12.2%, respectively. In 2012, the WHO reported a worldwide resistance rate to INH of 5.9% [37].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Drug Susceptibility Patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Tuberculosis Patients in Coastal Kenya

Yonge¹,

Otieno²,

Sharma³

et al. 2017

JTR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance is an emerging health problem in Kenya and especially in Coastal region. This is a major challenge in tuberculosis control. Diagnosis is based on Ziel-Neelsen staining alone and patients are treated without information on sensitivity patterns.Aim: This study aimed to determine drug susceptibility patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Coastal Kenya. Study Design: Hospital and laboratory based cross-sectional study was carried between April 2015 and July 2016 at Coast General Referral hospital; Tudor, Port-Reitz, Likoni Sub-County hospitals; Mlaleo, Kongowea and Mikindani health centers. Methodology: Sputum samples from patients with bacteriological confirmed TB on microscopy were cultured on Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media. Strains of MTB complex from Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) slopes were subjected to drug susceptibility testing (DST) to first-line drugs including isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), streptomycin (S) and Ethambutol (E) using proportional method on the Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) conventional method. Participants were offered diagnostic testing and counselling for HIV testing. Results: Drug sensitivity test was performed for a total of 210 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates for the first line anti-TB drugs. About seventy eight percent and twenty nine percent of the strains from new patients and previously treated patients were fully sensitive to all the drugs tested respectively. Prevalence of any resistance to one drug was 102 (48.6%, 95% CI: 20.45 -28.23). Any single drug resistance was most frequent in isoniazid 30 (16.0%), Ethambutol 20 (10.0%), Streptomycin 18 (18.3%) and Rifampicin 4 (2.1%) in newly diagnosed patients. Among previously treated patients any resistance to streptomycin, ethambutol, isoniaziad and rifampicin was 10 (58.8%), 9 (52.9%), 7 (41.2%) and 4 (23.5%) respectively. Prevalence of MDR-TB defined as resistant to at least both isoniazid and rifampicin was 10 (4.8%) among new and previously treated patients respectively. Conclusion: The current study reveals that the overall resistance to first line anti-TB drugs was high. Although the rate of MDR-TB was relatively low, this signifies that conditions favouring the spread of MDR-TB are on high rise. Therefore, it is essential to address the problems of development of drug resistant strains of TB by establishing good TB programmes (DOTS). Patients' adherence to anti-TB drugs and introducing drug sensitivity testing (DST) services at County level hospitals will minimize occurrence of drug resistant.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Drug Susceptibility Patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Tuberculosis Patients in Coastal Kenya

Yonge¹,

Otieno²,

Sharma³

et al. 2017

JTR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The reasons for high resistance rate might be due to delay in treatment, irregular supply of drugs and unavailability of drugs. The lower rate of resistance to one or more first line anti-TB drug was reported from Jimma (18.4%) [14] and Arsi (18.2%) [15]. A comparable rate of resistance has been reported from similar surveys from Uganda (28.6%) [16] but the higher rate of resistance (56%) to one or more first line drug was also reported from Calabar, Nigeria [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Drug Resistance Pattern in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients and Risk Factors Associated with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

Maharjan¹,

Singh²,

Khadka³

et al. 2017

JTR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance is a major problem in tuberculosis (TB) control programme, particularly multi-drug resistance TB (MDR-TB) in Nepal. Drug resistance is difficult to treat due to its associated cost and side effects. The objective of this study was to assess the drug resistance pattern and assess risk factor associated with MDR-TB among pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending National Tuberculosis Center. Methodology: The comparative cross sectional study was conducted at National Tuberculosis Center during August 2015 to February 2015. Early morning sputum samples were collected from pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients and subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining and fluorochrome staining and culture on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium. Drug Susceptibility test was performed on culture positive isolates by using proportion method. Univariate and multivariate analysis was computed to assess the risk factors of MDR-TB. Results: Out of 223 sputum samples, 105 were fluorochrome staining positive, 85 were ZN staining positive and 102 were culture positive. Out of 102 culture positive isolates, 37.2% were resistance to any four anti-TB drugs. 11 (28.9%) were initial drug resistance and 28 (43.7%) were acquired drug resistance. The overall prevalence of MDR-TB was 11.7%, of which 2 (5.3%) were initial MDR-TB and 10 (15.6%) were acquired MDR-TB. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed female were significantly associated (P = 0.05) with MDR-TB. Conclusion: Drug resistance TB particularly MDR-TB is high. The most common resistance pattern observed in this study was resistance to both isoniazid and rifampicin. Female were found to be associated with MDR-TB. Thus, early diagnosis of TB and provision of culture and DST are crucial in order to combat the threat of DR-TB.

show abstract

“…The laboratory capacity in Ethiopia to diagnose MDR-TB is very limited. As a result, national estimates were based on incomplete data that suffer from representativeness since the reporting system is poorly developed, diagnostic criteria are usually non-standardized and many MDR cases go undetected (Abebe et al, 2012). Reports from different parts of Ethiopia suggest that the rate of drug resistant TB is highly variable across the country (Mitike et al, 1997;Asmamaw et al, 2008;Meskel et al, 2008;Agonafir et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actual practice of healthcare providers towards prevention and control of Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at Borumeda Hospital, Ethiopia

Aklilu¹,

Seid²

2017

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tuberculosis (TB) is the world's leading curable cause of infectious diseases mortality, with a disproportionate burden of the disease falling on low and middle income countries. In 2013, there was an estimated 9 million incident cases of TB globally and 1.5 million people died from the disease. The estimated number of cases occurred in Asia (56%) and Africa (25%), the incidence rates are highest, driven by high rates of HIV and malnutrition. Ethiopia is one of the high burden countries, reflected both in its TB incidence and the estimated rates of Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). With the occurrence of MDR-TB, little is known about the views of healthcare workers on this disease. The oblective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare professionals towards prevention and control of MDR-TB at Boru Meda General Hospital, South Wollo Zone, North central Ethiopia. A cross sectional study was conducted by means of a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire that was sent to all healthcare workers. The questionnaires were collected at the study site from March 22 to April 23, 2014. In all, greater than half (80.85%) of the respondents had good level of knowledge about MDR-TB; and the overwhelming majority of them held positive attitude (76.60%) towards patients with MDR-TB. In totality, 31.91, 74.11 and 66.35% of the respondents reported that they had their own copy of MDR-TB management guidelines; they used the protective masks and they were individually involved in educating patients about MDR-TB, respectively. Greater than half of the respondents had good level of knowledge about MDR-TB, but some of them held negative attitude towards patients suffering from MDR-TB. The attitude did not influence practices, but having good level of knowledge was positively associated with safer practices such as using protective masks, educating patients on MDR-TB, and referring to the MDR-TB guidelines manual.

show abstract

Relatively low primary drug resistant tuberculosis in southwestern Ethiopia

Cited by 53 publications

References 11 publications

Drug Susceptibility Patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Tuberculosis Patients in Coastal Kenya

Drug Susceptibility Patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Tuberculosis Patients in Coastal Kenya

Drug Resistance Pattern in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients and Risk Factors Associated with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

Actual practice of healthcare providers towards prevention and control of Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at Borumeda Hospital, Ethiopia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About