Relative volatilities for the isotopic system deuterium-deuterium tritide-tritium

Sherman, R.H.; Bartlit, J.R.; Briesmeister, R.A.

doi:10.1016/0011-2275(76)90198-3

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…4) of the mixture of interest to us approaches. Second, even for the interval quoted above, Souers' estimates conflict seriously with experimental, however uncerttdn, findings [5,6]; the pressure corrections estimated on the basis of those experimental data turn out to be 2-3 times larger than Souers'. But anyway, the magnitude of the correction is luckily rather small to the extent that for our purposes we may rely on the evaluations for Dz, which can be performed to a very good accuracy.…”

Section: D-t Mixtures Are Fairly Close To Ideal That Is the Tot~presmentioning

confidence: 74%

Design of a very low inventory tritium fill system for NIF cryogenic targets

Strzhemechny¹

1997

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Section: D-t Mixtures Are Fairly Close To Ideal That Is the Tot~presmentioning

confidence: 74%

Design of a very low inventory tritium fill system for NIF cryogenic targets

Strzhemechny¹

1997

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“…Результаты экспериментального исследования коэффициента разделения α изотопной смеси D 2 -T 2 выполнены Шерманом с соавторами в работе [3] для трех температур при молярном отношении D 2 :T 2 , равном 0.991:0.009. Экспериментальное значение коэффициента разделения вычислено по выражению, где индексы: 1 -легколетучий компонент, 2 -труднолетучий компонент .…”

Section: коэффициент разделения D 2 -Tunclassified

“…Анализируя полученные значения α для бинарной смеси D 2 -T 2 и найденные при других молярных отношениях тройной смеси D 2 -DT-T 2 [3] Шерман отметил, что значения коэффициента разделения расположены ниже идеальных значений α° примерно на 5-6%.…”

Section: коэффициент разделения D 2 -Tunclassified

“…Из экспериментальных исследований известно, что смеси D 2 -T 2 , D 2 -DT, DT-T 2 отклоняются от идеальных [3,4]. Отметим, что изотопные смеси водорода не являются азеотропными.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…В данной статье для изотопных смесей водорода D 2 -T 2 , D 2 -DT и DT-T 2 на основе анализа известных экспериментальных данных [3,4] Упругость паров T 2 . Упругость паров нормального трития T 2 измерял Грилли.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Parameters of the UNIQUAC model for describing the vapor-liquid phase equilibrium of D2-T2, D2-DT, DT-T2 hydrogen isotope mixtures

Korotkova

2023

Fine Chem. Technol.

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Objectives. Determination of the parameters of the binary energy interaction of the (UNIversal QUAsiChemical) UNIQUAC model on the basis of mathematical processing of experimental literature data on the phase equilibrium of hydrogen isotopic mixtures D2-T2, D2-DT, DT-T2 to calculate the activity coefficients of the components D2, DT, and T2.Methods. The method of successive approximations was used in junction with the “from stage to stage” method, which consists in calculating a single evaporation process on a theoretical plate.Results. Equations were written for calculating the activity coefficients of hydrogen isotopes on the basis of the Sherwood theory as applied to binary D2-T2, D2-DT, DT-T2 and ternary D2-DT-T2 hydrogen isotope mixtures. The graphical dependences of the activity coefficients and separation coefficients of mixtures D2-T2, D2-DT, and DT-T2 are compared in the range of the concentration of a highly volatile component from 0 to 100 mol % at atmospheric pressure for three options: ideal mixtures; non-ideal mixtures using the Sherwood theory; non-ideal mixtures on the basis of the UNIQUAC model. The dependences of the separation coefficients a were found to be similar for all binary isotopic mixtures. However, when considering mixtures as ideal, a increases.According to Sherwood's theory, a remains a practically constant value, which is independent of the composition of the mixture. The UNIQUAC model predicts a decrease in a with an increase in the concentration of a less volatile component in the mixture. The profile of the distribution of hydrogen isotopes D2, DT, and T2 of a three-component mixture D2-DT-T2, along the height of a distillation column operating in a closed mode was calculated for three variants. It was accepted that: pressure along the height of the column is constant and equal to atmospheric 760 mm Hg. Art.; number of theoretical plates 21; concentration of components in the liquid phase on the first plate (stage), in mol %: XD₂ = 65; XDT= 10; XT₂= 25; the accuracy of calculating the composition of the vapor phase is 10-10.Conclusions. The parameters of the binary energy interaction of the UNIQUAC model of hydrogen isotopic mixtures D2-T2, D2-DT, and DT-T2 are determined. The UNIQUAC model is adequate in relation to experimental data on the coefficient of separation. Due to systematic deviations in the theoretical Sherwood and ideal models, they are not suitable for further calculations of phase equilibrium of isotopic mixtures of hydrogen D2-T2, D2-DT, DT-T2, and D2-DT-T2.

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Deuterium and Tritium

Katz

2004

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Deuterium ( 2 H or D) the heavier, stable isotope of hydrogen ( 1 H) occurs in nature, and is always present in all hydrogen‐containing compounds. Deuterium oxide, known as heavy water, is the most important deuterium compound. Heavy water differs from ordinary water in structure of the liquid phase, in nuclear spin, ionic equilibria, and in various spectroscopic properties. Kinetic isotope effects occur in chemical reactions involving bond rupture of H and D. This effect in hydrogen exchange between water and hydrogen sulfide is the basis for the most important separation process for large‐scale deuterium production. Infrared absorption is the method of choice for the analysis of heavy water. Deuterium has far‐reaching biological effects, and it is possible to grow living organisms in which all of the hydrogen normally present is replaced by deuterium. The nuclear properties of deuterium are such that heavy water is the most efficient neutron moderator known for nuclear fission reactors. Deuterium is also important in nuclear fusion technology. Tritium ( 3 H or T) is the heaviest isotope of hydrogen. Unlike hydrogen or deuterium, T undergoes radioactive decay (B − , ∼ 12 yr half‐life). Thus T compounds experience radiation damage at elevated tritium levels. Tritium is produced by cosmic rays in the higher atmosphere, and by neutron capture in lithium–aluminum alloy in nuclear fission reactors. Tritium can be purified by distillation, by thermal diffusion, by diffusion through palladium‐silver‐nickel membranes, or by chromatography on coated molecular sieves. Tritium is widely used as a tracer in molecular biology experiments. Tritium is a key element in nuclear fusion, in which energy is produced by the controlled fusion of tritium with deuterium.

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Relative volatilities for the isotopic system deuterium-deuterium tritide-tritium

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Design of a very low inventory tritium fill system for NIF cryogenic targets

Design of a very low inventory tritium fill system for NIF cryogenic targets

Parameters of the UNIQUAC model for describing the vapor-liquid phase equilibrium of D<sub>2</sub>-T<sub>2</sub>, D<sub>2</sub>-DT, DT-T<sub>2</sub> hydrogen isotope mixtures

Deuterium and Tritium

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