Abstract:Objective: The study objective was to determine the relative validity and reproducibility of a modified FFQ for ranking the nutrient intakes of New Zealand toddlers aged 12-24 months. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Dunedin, New Zealand. Subjects: One hundred and fifty-two participants completed a ninety-five-item FFQ twice, and five days of weighed diet recording (WDR), over one month. Validity and reproducibility were assessed for crude data and for data that were weighted for total fruit and vegetab… Show more
“…All studies were cross-sectional in their design, and thus classified as level IV evidence ( 35 ) . Following quality appraisal twenty-two studies were excluded, leaving seventeen articles ( 11 , 15 – 24 , 26 , 27 – 29 , 31 , 37 ) identified as assessing the validity of an FFQ against a dietary reference instrument in children 12 to 36 months of age. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nine of the publications reported results from North American countries (USA and Canada) ( 16 – 20 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 29 ) , five from the UK and Europe ( 11 , 15 , 21 , 27 , 30 ) , and three from New Zealand ( 26 , 31 , 38 ) . The number of participants ranged from seventeen ( 16 ) to 240 ( 19 ) , with two studies presenting data from large cohorts: The Iowa Fluoride Study ( 23 ) and The IDEFICS Study (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS) ( 37 ) .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A concise overview of the seventeen included studies is shown in Table 1 ( 11 , 15 – 24 , 26 – 31 ) . The areas of interest included: population characteristics (size, age, location, ethnicity), FFQ characteristics (food groups, food items, consumption interval, administration method, portion estimation, number of FFQ administered, and FFQ re-test interval), reference method used, outcome measures (validity, reproducibility) and the statistics employed to assess validity between two methods or reproducibility of the FFQ.…”
A child's diet is an important determinant of growth and development. Because of this, the accurate assessment of dietary intake in young children remains a challenge. A systematic search of studies validating FFQ methodologies in children 12 to 36 months of age was completed. English-language articles published until March 2016 were searched using three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL). Quality assessment of the identified studies was carried out using The Reduced Summary Score and EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned (EURRECA) scoring system. Seventeen studies were included and categorised according to whether they reflected long-term (≥7 d) or short-term (<7 d) intake, or used a biomarker. A total score for each micronutrient was calculated from the mean of the correlation coefficients weighted by the study quality score. At least three validation studies per micronutrient were required for inclusion. Fifteen studies (83 %) that considered validity of the FFQ in assessing nutrient intakes had quality scores from 2·5 to 6·0. Of those, ten (67 %) studies found FFQ to have good correlations in assessing dietary intake (>0·4). Of the nutrients with three or more studies available, FFQ validated using a reference method reflecting short-term intake had a good weighted correlation for Ca (0·51), and acceptable weighted correlations for vitamin C (0·31) and Fe (0·33). Semi-quantitative FFQ were shown to be valid and reproducible when estimating dietary intakes at a group level, and are an acceptable instruments for estimating intakes of Ca, vitamin C and Fe in children 12 to 36 months of age.
“…All studies were cross-sectional in their design, and thus classified as level IV evidence ( 35 ) . Following quality appraisal twenty-two studies were excluded, leaving seventeen articles ( 11 , 15 – 24 , 26 , 27 – 29 , 31 , 37 ) identified as assessing the validity of an FFQ against a dietary reference instrument in children 12 to 36 months of age. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nine of the publications reported results from North American countries (USA and Canada) ( 16 – 20 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 29 ) , five from the UK and Europe ( 11 , 15 , 21 , 27 , 30 ) , and three from New Zealand ( 26 , 31 , 38 ) . The number of participants ranged from seventeen ( 16 ) to 240 ( 19 ) , with two studies presenting data from large cohorts: The Iowa Fluoride Study ( 23 ) and The IDEFICS Study (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS) ( 37 ) .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A concise overview of the seventeen included studies is shown in Table 1 ( 11 , 15 – 24 , 26 – 31 ) . The areas of interest included: population characteristics (size, age, location, ethnicity), FFQ characteristics (food groups, food items, consumption interval, administration method, portion estimation, number of FFQ administered, and FFQ re-test interval), reference method used, outcome measures (validity, reproducibility) and the statistics employed to assess validity between two methods or reproducibility of the FFQ.…”
A child's diet is an important determinant of growth and development. Because of this, the accurate assessment of dietary intake in young children remains a challenge. A systematic search of studies validating FFQ methodologies in children 12 to 36 months of age was completed. English-language articles published until March 2016 were searched using three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL). Quality assessment of the identified studies was carried out using The Reduced Summary Score and EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned (EURRECA) scoring system. Seventeen studies were included and categorised according to whether they reflected long-term (≥7 d) or short-term (<7 d) intake, or used a biomarker. A total score for each micronutrient was calculated from the mean of the correlation coefficients weighted by the study quality score. At least three validation studies per micronutrient were required for inclusion. Fifteen studies (83 %) that considered validity of the FFQ in assessing nutrient intakes had quality scores from 2·5 to 6·0. Of those, ten (67 %) studies found FFQ to have good correlations in assessing dietary intake (>0·4). Of the nutrients with three or more studies available, FFQ validated using a reference method reflecting short-term intake had a good weighted correlation for Ca (0·51), and acceptable weighted correlations for vitamin C (0·31) and Fe (0·33). Semi-quantitative FFQ were shown to be valid and reproducible when estimating dietary intakes at a group level, and are an acceptable instruments for estimating intakes of Ca, vitamin C and Fe in children 12 to 36 months of age.
“…Exclusive breastfeeding (no other liquids or solids since birth) and full breastfeeding (no other liquids or solids in the past 48 hours) status to the nearest day were derived from questionnaires administered every 4 weeks from 3 to 27 weeks of age. 18 Dietary intake was assessed by using a validated food frequency questionnaire 26 at 12 and 24 months. 20 Parents indicated how many minutes per week their child spent playing actively outside and inside and watching television at multiple time points.…”
The few existing early-life obesity prevention initiatives have concentrated on nutrition and physical activity, with little examination of sleep.
METHODS:This community-based, randomized controlled trial allocated 802 pregnant women (≥16 years, <34 weeks' gestation) to: control, FAB (food, activity, and breastfeeding), sleep, or combination (both interventions) groups. All groups received standard well-child care. FAB participants received additional support (8 contacts) promoting breastfeeding, healthy eating, and physical activity (antenatal-18 months). Sleep participants received 2 sessions (antenatal, 3 weeks) targeting prevention of sleep problems, as well as a sleep treatment program if requested (6-24 months). Combination participants received both interventions (9 contacts). BMI was measured at 24 months by researchers blinded to group allocation, and secondary outcomes (diet, physical activity, sleep) were assessed by using a questionnaire or accelerometry at multiple time points.
RESULTS:At 2 years, 686 women remained in the study (86%). No significant intervention effect was observed for BMI at 24 months (P = .086), but there was an overall group effect for the prevalence of obesity (P = .027). Exploratory analyses found a protective effect for obesity among those receiving the "sleep intervention" (sleep and combination compared with FAB and control: odds ratio, 0.54 [95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.82]). No effect was observed for the "FAB intervention" (FAB and combination compared with sleep and control: odds ratio, 1.20 [95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.81]).
CONCLUSIONS:A well-developed food and activity intervention did not seem to affect children's weight status. However, further research on more intensive or longer running sleep interventions is warranted.
Departments of a the Dean, Dunedin School of Medicine, b Preventive and Social Medicine, c Women's and Children's Health, d Human Nutrition, and e Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New ZealandProf B Taylor is the co-principal investigator of the Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) study, contributed to study design, co-led the sleep intervention, co-wrote the manuscript, and directed the statistical analyses; Mr Gray contributed to study design, designed and completed all statistical analyses, and wrote the relevant sections of the manuscript; Dr Galland contributed to study design, co-led the sleep intervention, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Heath contributed to study design, co-led the FAB (food, activity, and breastfeeding) intervention, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Lawrence contributed to study design, coordinated and led the management of the study, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Ms Sayers delivered the sleep intervention, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Drs Cameron, Hanna, and Dale contributed to data collection, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Coppell contributed to study design, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; and Prof R Taylor is the co-principal inves...
“…14,15 To our knowledge, there are only four FFQs validated for use in infants and toddlers in the US. 17–20 One of these FFQs is a modified version of the Harvard Service Food Frequency Questionnaire with 103 items and validated for nutrient intake in 233 white and Native American children 1–5 years in North Dakota about 20 years ago.…”
Background
There are limited validated FFQs for infants and toddlers, most of which were evaluated in Europe or Oceania and the available ones for use in the US have important limitations.
Objective
To assess the validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed for infants and toddlers.
Design
A semi-quantitative FFQ was developed including 52 food items, their source and portion sizes. It enquired about diets over the previous 7 days. Its validity was assessed in a cross-sectional study. Participants completed the FFQ followed by a 24-hour recall on two occasions with one week between data collection.
Participants/setting
A total of 296 caregivers of infants and toddlers aged 0–24 months enrolled in WIC-Puerto Rico.
Main outcome measures
Intake of nutrients and food groups were averaged for the two FFQs and the two 24-h food recalls and adjusted for energy intake.
Statistical analyses performed
Spearman correlations were performed for intakes of energy, nutrients, and foods between administrations and between instruments. Correlation coefficients were de-attenuated to account for variation in the 24 hour recalls.
Results
A total of 241 participants completed the study. Intake of all nutrients and foods were significantly correlated between FFQs, 24-h recalls and between the average of FFQs and 24-h food recalls. The de-attenuated correlation for nutrients between the FFQs and 24-h recalls ranged from 0.26 (folate) to 0.77 (energy), with an average correlation of 0.53. The de-attenuated correlation for food groups between the FFQs and 24-h recalls ranged from 0.28 (sweets) to 0.80 (breast-milk) with an average correlation of 0.55. When analyses were restricted to those consuming foods other than breast milk or formula (N=186), results were similar.
Conclusions
This semi-quantitative FFQ is a tool that offers reasonably valid rankings for intake of energy, nutrients, foods and food groups in this sample of infants and toddlers.
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