Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of the Third Dose of CoronaVac or BNT162b2 Following a Two-Dose CoronaVac Regimen: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study from an Adult Vaccine Center in Turkey

Sönmezer, Meliha Çağla; Dizman, Gülçin Telli; Erul, Enes; Şahin, Taha Koray; Saricaoglu, Tuğba; Alp, Alpaslan; Tanrıöver, Mine Durusu; Uzun, Ömrüm; Ünal, Serhat; Akova, Murat

doi:10.3390/vaccines10071140

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Another study reported higher vaccine effectiveness with a heterologous booster dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine [36]. The favorable effect of the heterologous booster over a homologous one was supported in a study from Türkiye, which reported higher efficacy with CoronaVac when boosted with an mRNA as compared to the third dose of CoronaVac [37]. Yue et al [38] reported that a single booster dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine also has an impact on the Delta variant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Long-Term Results of Immunogenicity of Booster Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (Hybrid COV-RAPEL TR Study) in Turkiye: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Phase 2 Clinical Study

et al. 2023

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The immunogenicity of vaccines decreases over time, causing a need for booster doses. This study aimed to present the long-term (Day 84) immunogenicity results of the double-blind, randomized, controlled, phase II Hybrid COV-RAPEL TR Study (NCT04979949), in which the TURKOVAC or CoronaVac vaccines were used as a booster after the second dose of primary vaccination with CoronaVac. A total of 190 participants from the Hybrid COV-RAPEL TR Study, who had both Day 28 and Day 84 immunogenicity results, were included. The immunogenicity on Day 84, regarding the neutralizing antibody positivity (Wuhan and Delta variants) and anti-spike immunoglobulin (Ig) G (IgG) antibody positivity, was compared between TURKOVAC and CoronaVac vaccine arms according to sex and age groups. Overall, antibody positivity showed a slight decrease on Day 84 vs. Day 28, but was not different between TURKOVAC and CoronaVac arms either for sexes or for age groups. However, TURKOVAC produced better antibody response against the Delta variant than CoronaVac, while CoronaVac was superior over TURKOVAC regarding neutralizing antibody positivity in the 50–60 years age group, regardless of the variant. A single booster dose, after the completion of the primary vaccination, increases antibody positivity on Day 28 which persists until Day 84 with a slight decrease. However, an additional booster dose may be required thereafter, since the decrease in antibody titer may be faster over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Long-Term Results of Immunogenicity of Booster Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (Hybrid COV-RAPEL TR Study) in Turkiye: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Phase 2 Clinical Study

et al. 2023

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“…Previous studies have shown that following priming with two doses of CoronaVac vaccination, a heterologous mRNA booster is more immunogenic than a homologous booster (15,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) (21) found that the heterologous vaccination strategy "CoronaVac and BNT162b2 regimen" was able to induce a stronger humoral immune response. However, the effect of a second BNT162b2 booster was not evaluated in their study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Quantitative IgG and Interferon-Gamma Responses After Different Booster Strategies of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 Vaccines in Turkey

Ocakli,

Kurtcu,

Uzun

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The global effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic requires a comprehensive assessment of vaccine efficacy, humoral and cellular immune responses. The current study aimed to determine the effects of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 boosters on quantitative IgG and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses of individuals primed with two doses of CoronaVac in Turkey. This prospective cohort study included 48 participants aged 18–59 years, without any comorbidities and were not under drug therapy, with no clinical history of COVID-19. The study was conducted in three groups: Group 1 was composed of individuals immunized with three doses of CoronaVac; Group 2 two doses of CoronaVac and one dose of BNT162b2; Group 3 two doses of CoronaVac plus two doses of BNT162b2. Humoral immunity was assessed by the determination of the IgG levels against the spike RBD protein of SARS-CoV-2 and cellular immunity by the IFN-γ release assay. Results When the 6–12 month post-vaccination period was considered, the lowest quantitative IgG levels were detected in group 1 in which the booster was applied as CoronaVac. IgG levels were higher in the two groups with BNT162b2 boosters, group 3 (two BNT boosters) revealed the highest levels. The highest IFN-γ response was observed in the group with two BNT162b2 booster applications. Although the difference between the IFN-γ levels was not statistically significant for the three groups, the individuals boosted with the mRNA vaccine revealed two- and three-fold higher levels in comparison to the homologous boosted individuals. No significant gender difference was found for IgG and IFN-γ values in the three groups. The IgG and IFN-γ median values of the younger participants were significantly higher than those of the older participants in Group 3. Conclusions We conclude that although both homologous and heterologous boosting in inactivated vaccine-primed individuals provided effective humoral and cellular immunity, boosting with two doses of BNT162b2 should be prioritized, particularly in people with a higher risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2, since it exhibited a clearly positive impact on both humoral and cellular immunity.

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“…Therefore, many countries have implemented a booster dose of vaccine 6 . Since July 1, 2021, the Turkish Ministry of Health has offered a third (booster) dose of vaccine, with either the CoronaVac or BNT162b2 vaccine, at least 3 months after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of humoral immune response in heterologous and homologous COVID-19 booster vaccine groups using CoronaVac and mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccines

Atıcı

Soysal²,

Gönüllü

et al. 2023

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Background: Heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccination is an alternative strategy to homologous vaccination, especially in developing countries, due to shortages, delays, or unequal distribution of COVID-19 vaccines. We compared cohorts vaccinated with different vaccine combinations to investigate whether a heterologous booster dose of mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine boosts the immune response in individuals primed with the CoronaVac vaccine.Methods: Anti-RBD IgG is generally measured 4 weeks after primary immunization and 4 weeks after booster vaccination. Data on anti-receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) IgG antibody titers and clinical characteristics were provided by infection control units. Results:The highest median anti-RBD IgG antibody titers (14589 AU/mL) after primary immunization was observed in the group vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. Antibody titers were lower 4 months or more after the second CoronaVac vaccine dose in CoronaVac recipients with or without previous COVID-19. In the homologous COVID-19 booster vaccine group (primed with two doses of CoronaVac 4 weeks apart and a single booster dose of CoronaVac) the median anti-RBD titers decreased from 1025 to 242 AU/mL before the booster dose. In the heterologous group (primed with two doses of CoronaVac 4 weeks apart and a single booster dose of BNT162b2), the median anti-RBD titer increased to 31624 AU/mL, a 132-fold increase, 16 days after the booster dose. Conclusions:After the second dose of CoronaVac, protective neutralizing antibody levels decrease over time, and a booster dose is required. Heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccination with BNT162b2 is effective at boosting neutralizing antibody levels.

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Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of the Third Dose of CoronaVac or BNT162b2 Following a Two-Dose CoronaVac Regimen: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study from an Adult Vaccine Center in Turkey

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Long-Term Results of Immunogenicity of Booster Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (Hybrid COV-RAPEL TR Study) in Turkiye: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Phase 2 Clinical Study

Long-Term Results of Immunogenicity of Booster Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (Hybrid COV-RAPEL TR Study) in Turkiye: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Phase 2 Clinical Study

Evaluation of Quantitative IgG and Interferon-Gamma Responses After Different Booster Strategies of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 Vaccines in Turkey

Comparison of humoral immune response in heterologous and homologous COVID-19 booster vaccine groups using CoronaVac and mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccines

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