Relative toxicity of insecticides to the crucifer pests Plutella xylostella and Myzus persicae and their natural enemies

Anjum, Farida; Wright, Denis J.

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2016.06.002

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The soil used for planting bean seeds was heat-treated to kill any living organisms. The plants were sprayed with an insecticide (abamectin) regularly [ 47 ]. Screenhouses were visited daily for watering plants and confirming the absence of aphids and other insects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic seedborne viruses are rare but Phaseolus vulgaris endornaviruses are common in bean varieties grown in Nicaragua and Tanzania

et al. 2017

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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an annual grain legume that was domesticated in Mesoamerica (Central America) and the Andes. It is currently grown widely also on other continents including Africa. We surveyed seedborne viruses in new common bean varieties introduced to Nicaragua (Central America) and in landraces and improved varieties grown in Tanzania (eastern Africa). Bean seeds, harvested from Nicaragua and Tanzania, were grown in insect-controlled greenhouse or screenhouse, respectively, to obtain leaf material for virus testing. Equal amounts of total RNA from different samples were pooled (30–36 samples per pool), and small RNAs were deep-sequenced (Illumina). Assembly of the reads (21–24 nt) to contiguous sequences and searches for homologous viral sequences in databases revealed Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus 1 (PvEV-1) and PvEV-2 in the bean varieties in Nicaragua and Tanzania. These viruses are not known to cause symptoms in common bean and are considered non-pathogenic. The small-RNA reads from each pool of samples were mapped to the previously characterized complete PvEV-1 and PvEV-2 sequences (genome lengths ca. 14 kb and 15 kb, respectively). Coverage of the viral genomes was 87.9–99.9%, depending on the pool. Coverage per nucleotide ranged from 5 to 471, confirming virus identification. PvEV-1 and PvEV-2 are known to occur in Phaseolus spp. in Central America, but there is little previous information about their occurrence in Nicaragua, and no information about occurrence in Africa. Aside from Cowpea mild mosaic virus detected in bean plants grown from been seeds harvested from one region in Tanzania, no other pathogenic seedborne viruses were detected. The low incidence of infections caused by pathogenic viruses transmitted via bean seeds may be attributable to new, virus-resistant CB varieties released by breeding programs in Nicaragua and Tanzania.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic seedborne viruses are rare but Phaseolus vulgaris endornaviruses are common in bean varieties grown in Nicaragua and Tanzania

et al. 2017

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“…The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) causes crop losses at over 90% (Furlong et al., 2013) and has developed resistance to many insecticides. Plutella xylostella is also reported to be relatively tolerant to some classes of insecticides (Verkerk and Wright, 1997; Anjum and Wright, 2017). Natural enemies play an important role in achieving a successful integrated pest management (IPM) program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of floral resources on the longevity and parasitism of Cotesia vestalis Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Vietnam

Châu

Kieu

Dũng

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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Parasitoids are important biological control of crop pests. In Vietnam, Cotesia vestalis is a native wasp species that has demonstrated its applicability as a natural insect pest enemy. Many adult parasitoids require food resources such as nectar and pollen to optimize their life cycles. Potential effects of yellow cosmos ( Cosmos sulphureus ), shrub verbena flower ( Lantana camara ), common zinnia ( Zinnia elegans ), and coriander flower ( Coriandrum sativum L.) on the longevity and parasitism of C. vestalis were investigated. Results showed that nutrition resources from yellow cosmos ( C. sulphureus ) and shrub verbena flower ( Lantana camara ) significantly increased the longevity of C. vestalis in comparison with water (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival functions of female Cotesia vestalis exposed to different food sources indicated a significant difference in the treatments (P < 0.01). Male and female wasps feeding on Cosmos sulphureus , Lantana camara , and Coriandrum sativum survived significantly longer than wasps fed on water or Zinnia elegans. Parasitism efficiency of C. vestalis was tested on diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) larvae for different food resources. Cosmos sulphureus , Lantana camara, Coriandrum sativum treatments gave the different mean number of emergence parasitoids per day compared to water treatment. Results implied that food resources from flowers benefitted the longevity of C. vestalis .

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“…A number of studies have explored the effect of synthetic insecticides on biological control agents and report varying effects on natural enemies e.g. [34][35][36] . Yet, few studies have reported on impacts of synthetic insecticides on both pests and natural enemies as well as on crop yield e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scope for non-crop plants to promote conservation biological control of crop pests and serve as sources of botanical insecticides

Amoabeng

Stevenson

Mochiah

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Besides providing food and shelter to natural enemies of crop pests, plants used in conservation biological control interventions potentially provide additional ecosystem services including providing botanical insecticides. Here we concurrently tested the strength of these two services from six non-crop plants in managing cabbage pests in Ghana over three successive field seasons. Crop margin plantings of Ageratum conyzoides, Tridax procumbens, Crotalaria juncea, Cymbopogon citratus, Lantana camara and Talinum triangulare were compared with a bare earth control in a three-way split plot design such that the crop in each plot was sprayed with either a 10% (w/v) aqueous extract from the border plant species, a negative control (water) and a positive control (emamectin benzoate 'Attack' insecticide). Pests were significantly less numerous in all unsprayed treatments with non-crop plant margins and in corresponding sprayed treatments (with botanical or synthetic insecticide positive control) while treatments with bare earth margin or sprayed with water (negative controls) had the highest pest densities. Numbers of predators were significantly depressed by synthetic insecticide but higher in other treatments whether unsprayed or sprayed with botanical insecticide. We conclude that some plant species have utility in both conservation biological control and as source of botanical insecticides that are relatively benign to natural enemies. In this crop system, however, the additional cost associated with using botanical insecticides was not justified by greater levels of pest suppression than achieved from border plants alone. Insect pest attack causes huge crop losses 1 affecting the potential availability of food for over one billion people 2 , and threatening global food security 3. Effective pest management is critical to meeting global food demands 4-6 and synthetic insecticides have been the principal tool in the past six decades 7,8. Even with the introduction of newer and relatively safer insecticides 8 and increased application per unit area and time 9 , crop loss resulting from insect damage has doubled in the past four decades 1,10,11. Indiscriminate and excessive application has led to the elimination of important organisms in the agroecosystem that support crop production 12,13. This is especially prevalent in developing countries including Ghana where farmers and the environment are exposed to high levels of synthetic insecticides, including active ingredients that have been banned in developed nations due to high toxicity and persistence 14. Inadequate provision of important ecosystem services including natural enemy-mediated pest control reinforces reliance on hazardous inputs such as insecticides and threatens agricultural sustainability 15,16. Conservation biological control based on habitat manipulation has been proposed as a sustainable alternative to synthetic insecticides 17. Habitat manipulation involves intentionally establishing plant species at the farm scale or landscape scale to provide conduc...

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Relative toxicity of insecticides to the crucifer pests Plutella xylostella and Myzus persicae and their natural enemies

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Pathogenic seedborne viruses are rare but Phaseolus vulgaris endornaviruses are common in bean varieties grown in Nicaragua and Tanzania

Pathogenic seedborne viruses are rare but Phaseolus vulgaris endornaviruses are common in bean varieties grown in Nicaragua and Tanzania

Effects of floral resources on the longevity and parasitism of Cotesia vestalis Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Vietnam

Scope for non-crop plants to promote conservation biological control of crop pests and serve as sources of botanical insecticides

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