Relative toxicity of dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX-2) compared with okadaic acid, based on acute intraperitoneal toxicity in mice

Aune, Tore; Larsen, Stig; Aasen, John A.B.; Rehmann, Nils; Satake, Masayuki; Heß, Philipp

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.07.033

Cited by 102 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A MAb produced to OA should have the capability to bind to the important OA analogues, DTX-1 and DTX-2. A further complication lies in the fact that for the OA group of toxins the relative toxicity factors for OA, DTX-1 and DTX-2 have been established as 1, 1, and 0.6 respectively (Aune et al, 2007). Therefore the 'perfect MAb' for these toxins would not only bind each of them but also reflect their differential toxicities.…”

Section: Hybridoma Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are a group of thermostable, polyether and lipophilic compounds causing a gastrointestinal illness with the predominant symptoms of diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain (Aune et al, 2007;Jorgensen et al, 2005). DSP incidents have been reported worldwide with OA outbreaks more frequently associated with Europe (Kreuzer et al, 1999) while in Japan DTX-1 is more prevalent (Hallegraeff, 1995) and in Ireland, the principal DSP toxin detected is DTX-2 (Carmody et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxicological database for OA group toxins is limited and comprises mainly studies on their acute toxicity. To facilitate the replacement of MBA, toxicity equivalence factors (TEFs) for each of the analogues OA, DTX-1 and DTX-2 have been established as 1, 1, and 0.6 respectively based on LD 50 experiments following intraperitoneal injection in mice and PP2A inhibition assays (Aune et al, 2007). This has resulted in issues relating to the ability to detect the OA toxin and its analogues relative to their differing TEFs in analytical screening methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a monoclonal antibody binding okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins-1, -2 in proportion to their toxicity equivalence factors

Stewart

Elliott

Walker³

et al. 2009

Toxicon

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a b s t r a c tOkadaic acid (OA) and structurally related toxins dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1), and DTX-2, are lipophilic marine biotoxins. The current reference method for the analysis of these toxins is the mouse bioassay (MBA). This method is under increasing criticism both from an ethical point of view and because of its limited sensitivity and specificity. Alternative replacement methods must be rapid, robust, cost effective, specific and sensitive. Although published immuno-based detection techniques have good sensitivities, they are restricted in their use because of their inability to: (i) detect all of the OA toxins that contribute to contamination; and (ii) factor in the relative toxicities of each contaminant. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced to OA and an automated biosensor screening assay developed and compared with ELISA techniques. The screening assay was designed to increase the probability of identifying a MAb capable of detecting all OA toxins. The result was the generation of a unique MAb which not only cross-reacted with both DTX-1 and DTX-2 but had a cross-reactivity profile in buffer that reflected exactly the intrinsic toxic potency of the OA group of toxins. Preliminary matrix studies reflected these results. This antibody is an excellent candidate for the development of a range of functional immunochemical-based detection assays for this group of toxins.

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Section: Hybridoma Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a monoclonal antibody binding okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins-1, -2 in proportion to their toxicity equivalence factors

Stewart

Elliott

Walker³

et al. 2009

Toxicon

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“…For example, the mouse bioassay is still an EU reference method for detection of certain phycotoxins in shellfish (Aune et al, 2007). For replacement in the current EU legislation, alternative methods need to be validated according to an internationally recognised protocol.…”

Section: Marine Toxins (Mt) and Mass Occurrence Of Toxigenic Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting marine hazardous substances and organisms: sensors for pollutants, toxins, and pathogens

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Marine environments are influenced by a wide diversity of anthropogenic and natural substances and organisms that may have adverse effects on human health and ecosystems. Real-time measurements of pollutants, toxins, and pathogens across a range of spatial scales are required to adequately monitor these hazards, manage the consequences, and to understand the processes governing their magnitude and distribution. Significant technological advancements have been made in recent years for the detection and analysis of such marine hazards. In particular, sensors deployed on a variety of mobile and fixed-point observing platforms provide a valuable means to assess hazards. In this review, we present state-of-the-art of sensor technology for the detection of harmful substances and organisms in the ocean. Sensors are classified by their adaptability to various platforms, addressing large, intermediate, or small areal scales. Current gaps and future demands are identified with an indication of the urgent need for new sensors to detect marine hazards at all scales in autonomous real-time mode. Progress in sensor technology is expected to depend on the development of small-scale sensor technologies with a high sensitivity and specificity towards target analytes or organisms. However, deployable systems must comply with platform requirements as these interconnect the three areal scales. Future developments will include the integration of existing methods into complex and operational sensing systems for a comprehensive strategy for long-term monitoring.Correspondence to: O. Zielinski (oliver.zielinski@imare.de)The combination of sensor techniques on all scales will remain crucial for the demand of large spatial and temporal coverage.

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“…for a 20 g mouse ca. 4 μg (Aune et al, 2007), which is equal to the amount injected in the MBA if the shellfish contains OA-group toxins at the regulatory limit of 160 µg OA equivalents/kg shellfish. The LD 50 is the dose that kills 50% of the exposed animals (if a sufficiently large number of animals are used).…”

Section: Mammalian Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EFSA Journal

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Relative toxicity of dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX-2) compared with okadaic acid, based on acute intraperitoneal toxicity in mice

Cited by 102 publications

References 9 publications

Development of a monoclonal antibody binding okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins-1, -2 in proportion to their toxicity equivalence factors

Development of a monoclonal antibody binding okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins-1, -2 in proportion to their toxicity equivalence factors

Detecting marine hazardous substances and organisms: sensors for pollutants, toxins, and pathogens

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