Relative tissue distribution and excretion studies of gastrodin and parishin from powder and extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma in rat by UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS

Abstract

New research has indicated that Gastrodiae Rhizome (GR) has potential anti-diabetic and anti-asthmatic effects in mouse models. On the basis of our previous study of the relative bioavailability of gastrodin (GAS) and parishin (PA) from extract and powder of GR, we performed further research on the tissue distribution and excretion of the two analytes. A reliable bioanalytical method for the quantification of GAS and PA in rat tissues and excretion is required. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile-water with 0.1% formic acid. Calibration curves (1/x weighted) offered satisfactory linearity (r > 0.9835) within 100-3000 ng mL for GAS and (r > 0.9862) within 10-1000 ng mL for PA. The relative standard deviations of the intra-day and inter-day precision were all <14.98%, whilst the relative errors of the intra-day and inter-day accuracy were all within ±14.71%. The matrix effect and recovery values were satisfactory in all of the biological matrices examination. The data of relative differences in tissue distribution and excretion of GAS and PA from powder and extract of GR indicated that higher bioavailabilities for GAS and PA were obtained when a dosage of 4 g kg GR powder was used.

An Optimized and Sensitive Pharmacokinetic Quantitative Method of Investigating Gastrodin, Parishin, and Parishin B, C and E in Beagle Dog Plasma using LC-MS/MS after Intragastric Administration of Tall Gastrodia Capsules

“…These correlation coefficients ( Figure 3 ) suggest that gastrodin and parishin compounds can be biotransformed into each other at different rates in vivo. This finding is consistent with previous reports of biotransformation between parishins and gastrodin [ 4 ], furthermore, our detected compounds were also reported by Tang et al [ 25 ] using the Q-TOF-MS/MS.…”

Classical Active Ingredients and Extracts of Chinese Herbal Medicines: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Molecular Mechanisms for Ischemic Stroke

“…Jiang et al measured the distribution and excretion of Gas in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, and urine of rats. The results showed that the distribution of Gas can be detected in the kidney, liver, and lung, but not in the brain [ 119 ]. It is speculated that Gas failed to penetrate the BBB.…”

“…Jia et al identified four metabolites of methyl-d-glucoside, p-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid, p-methyl-d-glucoside, and p-hydroxy benzaldehyde in rat plasma for the first time [ 122 ]. Tang [ 123 ], Jiang [ 119 ], and Liu [ 124 ] studies have shown that parishin can be metabolized into Gas in vivo. Furthermore, the direction of intestinal microorganisms is also related to the study of drug metabolism.…”

“…Ju et al reported that the distribution t 1/2 of Gas in human plasma was 3.78 h, and the elimination t 1/2 was 6.06 h [ 114 ]. The excretion pathway of Gas is mainly excreted from urine by prototype drugs [ 119 ], a small amount excreted from bile, and almost none excreted from feces [ 126 ]. The metabolism of Gas in mice is affected by enterohepatic circulation [ 127 ], but there is no enterohepatic circulation in rats [ 115 ].…”

Pharmacokinetic and Lipidomic Assessment of the In Vivo Effects of Parishin A-Isorhynchophylline in Rat Migraine Models

“…Validation of the pharmacokinetic method was according to the FDA guidelines, including selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, matrix effects, extraction recovery, and stability [ 20 ].…”