Relative sensitivity of five Hawaiian coral species to high temperature under high-pCO2 conditions

Bahr, Keisha D.; Jokiel, Paul L.; Rodgers, Kuʻulei S.

doi:10.1007/s00338-016-1405-4

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Coral calcification rates are typically reduced when exposed to low seawater pH and a (Marubini et al, 2003;Ohde and Hossain, 2004;Anthony et al, 2008;Holcomb et al, 2010;Comeau et al, 2013;Horvath et al, 2016), which also has been observed for coral communities and rates of net community calcification (NCC = gross calcificationgross CaCO 3 dissolution) (e.g., Langdon et al, 2000;Leclerq et al, 2000;Andersson et al, 2009;Anthony et al, 2013). Similarly, relatively modest warming above summer maximum temperatures has been shown to affect coral skeletal growth and calcification negatively, although small increases in seawater temperature have been observed to increase coral calcification rates (Jokiel and Coles, 1990;Marshall and Clode, 2004;Bahr et al, 2016). In general, coral primary production and net community organic carbon production (NCP = primary production -autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration) decrease under elevated seawater temperatures (Coles and Jokiel, 1977;Brown, 1997) due to increasing rates of respiration, but the response of these processes to OA is less clear (Andersson et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Net Community Metabolism and Seawater Carbonate Chemistry Scale Non-intuitively with Coral Cover

et al. 2017

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Coral cover and reef health have been declining globally as reefs face local and global stressors including higher temperature and ocean acidification (OA). Ocean warming and acidification will alter rates of benthic reef metabolism (i.e., primary production, respiration, calcification, and CaCO 3 dissolution), but our understanding of community and ecosystem level responses is limited in terms of functional, spatial, and temporal scales. Furthermore, dramatic changes in coral cover and benthic metabolism could alter seawater carbonate chemistry on coral reefs, locally alleviating or exacerbating OA. This study examines how benthic metabolic rates scale with changing coral cover (0-100%), and the subsequent influence of these coral communities on seawater carbonate chemistry based on mesocosm experiments in Bermuda and Hawaii. In Bermuda, no significant differences in benthic metabolism or seawater carbonate chemistry were observed for low (40%) and high (80%) coral cover due to large variability within treatments. In contrast, significant differences were detected between treatments in Hawaii with benthic metabolic rates increasing with increasing coral cover. Observed increases in daily net community calcification and nighttime net respiration scaled proportionally with coral cover. This was not true for daytime net community organic carbon production rates, which increased the most between 0 and 20% coral cover and then less so between 20 and 100%. Consequently, diel variability in seawater carbonate chemistry increased with increasing coral cover, but absolute values of pH, a , and pCO 2 were not significantly different during daytime. To place the results of the mesocosm experiments into a broader context, in situ seawater carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) at three reef sites in Bermuda and Hawaii were also evaluated; reefs with higher coral cover experienced a greater range of diel CO 2 levels, complementing the mesocosm results. The results from this study highlight the need to consider the natural complexity of reefs and additional biological and physical factors that influence seawater carbonate chemistry on larger spatial and longer temporal scales. Coordinated efforts combining various research approaches (e.g., experiments, field studies, and models) will be required to better understand how benthic metabolism integrates across functional, spatial, and temporal scales, and for making predictions on how coral reefs will respond to climate change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Net Community Metabolism and Seawater Carbonate Chemistry Scale Non-intuitively with Coral Cover

et al. 2017

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“…Anthony et al 2008;Castillo et al 2014). Many combined seawater pCO 2 /temperature studies raise temperature above the coral thermal stress threshold (Castillo et al 2014;Bahr et al 2016). These studies mimic the effects of stressful, short-term increases in seawater temperature but do not simulate the impact of more subtle, long-term temperature change (Hoegh-Guldberg et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of seawater pCO2 and temperature on calcification and productivity in the coral genus Porites spp.: an exploration of potential interaction mechanisms

et al. 2018

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Understanding how rising seawater pCO 2 and temperatures impact coral aragonite accretion is essential for predicting the future of reef ecosystems. Here, we report 2 long-term (10-11 month) studies assessing the effects of temperature (25 and 28°C) and both high and low seawater pCO 2 (180-750 latm) on the calcification, photosynthesis and respiration of individual massive Porites spp. genotypes. Calcification rates were highly variable between genotypes, but high seawater pCO 2 reduced calcification significantly in 4 of 7 genotypes cultured at 25°C but in only 1 of 4 genotypes cultured at 28°C. Increasing seawater temperature enhanced calcification in almost all corals, but the magnitude of this effect was seawater pCO 2 dependent. The 3°C temperature increase enhanced calcification rate on average by 3% at 180 latm, by 35% at 260 latm and by [ 300% at 750 latm. The rate increase at high seawater pCO 2 exceeds that observed in inorganic aragonites. Responses of gross/net photosynthesis and respiration to temperature and seawater pCO 2 varied between genotypes, but rates of all these processes were reduced at the higher seawater temperature. Increases in seawater temperature, below the thermal stress threshold, may mitigate against ocean acidification in this coral genus, but this moderation is not mediated by an increase in net photosynthesis. The response of coral calcification to temperature cannot be explained by symbiont productivity or by thermodynamic and kinetic influences on aragonite formation.

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“…While Kāne'ohe Bay holds some of the highest coral cover (>90%) in the Main Hawaiian Islands, the majority of its reefs are comprised of two reef building species: Porites compressa and Montipora capitata (Bahr et al, 2015b). Previous experimental work has determined the endemic coral, P. compressa, to be the most susceptible to future climate change scenarios with the largest decreases in calcification and high partial mortality (Bahr et al, 2016c). A main factor in M. capitata's resilience is its ability to increase heterotrophic feeding under high temperature conditions meeting all dietary requirements without their symbiotic zooxanthellae (Grottoli et al, 2006;Rodrigues and Grottoli, 2007;Hughes and Grottoli, 2013).…”

Section: Changes At Long-term Cramp Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Three Bleaching Events on the Reef Resiliency of Kāne‘ohe Bay, Hawai‘i

2017

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Coral bleaching events have been increasing in frequency and severity worldwide. The most prolonged global bleaching event began in 2014 and continued into 2017 impacting more reefs than any previous occurrence. Here we present the results of coral bleaching and mortality surveys conducted in Kāne'ohe Bay O'ahu, Hawai'i and compare them to the only other widespread bleaching events to impact the main Hawaiian Islands in 1996 and 2014. Results from these surveys along with associated environmental factors were used to compare these events to gain a baseline understanding of the physical processes that influence localized bleaching dynamics under these extreme environmental conditions. Survey results show extensive variation in bleaching (1996-62%, 2014-45%, 2015-30%) and cumulative mortality (1996-<1%, 2014-13%, 2015-22%) between years. Bleaching prevalence was observed to decrease in certain reef areas across events, suggesting some acclimation and/or resilience, but possible increase susceptibility to mortality. Long-term monitoring sites show a similar temporal pattern of coral mortality and decline in coral cover, but revealed some reefs remained relatively un-impacted by consecutive high temperature events. Across the three bleaching events, we found that although circulation patterns can facilitate heating, the duration and magnitude of the high temperature event were the primary forcing functions for coral bleaching and mortality. Other localized primary drivers influencing water temperature such as irradiance, turbidity, and precipitation contributed to spatial variations. Recovery and resilience of this coral reef ecosystem is dependent on many factors including duration and magnitude of heating, resulting mortality levels, localized environmental factors in the bay, and coral species affected and their bleaching tolerances.

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Relative sensitivity of five Hawaiian coral species to high temperature under high-pCO2 conditions

Cited by 42 publications

References 63 publications

Net Community Metabolism and Seawater Carbonate Chemistry Scale Non-intuitively with Coral Cover

Net Community Metabolism and Seawater Carbonate Chemistry Scale Non-intuitively with Coral Cover

Effects of seawater pCO2 and temperature on calcification and productivity in the coral genus Porites spp.: an exploration of potential interaction mechanisms

Impact of Three Bleaching Events on the Reef Resiliency of Kāne‘ohe Bay, Hawai‘i

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