Relative Risk Trees for Censored Survival Data

LeBlanc, Michael; Crowley, John

doi:10.2307/2532300

Cited by 357 publications

(278 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…When censored survival is the outcome of a study, survival trees can be used as a viable alternative to traditional methods in the presence of missing data or when underlying assumptions are not satisfied. Splitting criteria developed by LeBlanc and Crowley 20 were used to develop the SPT-free survival trees. Sample size considerations suggested by Simon and Altman 21 were used to determine the minimum number of participants required to consider splitting a node of the tree.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of glutathione S‐transferase polymorphisms and mutagen sensitivity as risk factors for the development of second primary tumors in patients previously diagnosed with early‐stage head and neck cancer

Minard

Spitz

et al. 2006

Cancer

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We report a rare case of cellular fetal rhabdomyoma in a 9‐year‐old male, in the unusual location of right lower thigh. These tumors are more common in the head and neck region; and this case the second such case to be reported in the thigh. Fetal rhabdomyoma is a benign tumor of the skeletal muscle, showing varying degrees of skeletal muscle maturation. The present report discusses the histopathological features, the differential diagnosis and the importance of making the correct diagnosis for proper management of this rare entity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:881–883. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of glutathione S‐transferase polymorphisms and mutagen sensitivity as risk factors for the development of second primary tumors in patients previously diagnosed with early‐stage head and neck cancer

Minard

Spitz

et al. 2006

Cancer

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“…Optimal cutoff points were identified by recursive partitioning. 31 Variables found to be statistically significant at a 10% level in the univariate analyses were included in the multivariate model. Different models were established, incorporating angiogenic factors as categorical or as continuous variables, respectively.…”

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating angiopoietin-2 is a strong prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia

et al. 2007

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Angiogenesis plays an important role in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The angiopoietins act as essential regulators in this process. We investigated the impact of circulating angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and soluble Tie2 (sTie2) on overall survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Ang-1, Ang-2 and sTie2 were measured in plasma samples from 68 AML patients and 11 controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Circulating levels of Ang-2 and sTie2 (median (range): 1098.0 (361.4-4147.6) pg/ml and 3.40 (1.21-10.00) ng/ml, respectively) were significantly elevated in AML patients as compared to controls (307.9 (199.7-1225.0) pg/ml and 2.88 (1.71-3.29) ng/ml; Po0.001 and P ¼ 0.014). In a univariate Cox proportional hazards model, higher levels of Ang-2 and sTie2 were predictive of poor survival. In multivariate analyses, Ang-2 and cytogenetics proved to be independent prognostic factors, with a relative risk of 4.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.88-8.81) and 2.70 (95% CI 1.25-5.81), respectively. The 3-year survival rate for AML patients with Ang-2 levelsX1495.6 pg/ml was only 14.7% compared to 64.7% for those with Ang-2 levelso1495.6 pg/ml. These data provide evidence that circulating Ang-2 represents an independent prognostic factor in AML and may be used as a prognostic tool in the risk-adapted management of AML.

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“…As a splitting method, the exponential scaling method was used (Therneau et al, 1990;LeBlanc and Crowley, 1992). The splitting process stopped when a minimum of five patients per groups was reached or when there was no further decrease in prediction error.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of patients with nonseminomatous germ cell cancer: a review of the IGCC classification by Cox regression and recursive partitioning

et al. 2004

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The International Germ Cell Consensus (IGCC) classification identifies good, intermediate and poor prognosis groups among patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT). It uses the risk factors primary site, presence of nonpulmonary visceral metastases and tumour markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). The IGCC classification is easy to use and remember, but lacks flexibility. We aimed to examine the extent of any loss in discrimination within the IGCC classification in comparison with alternative modelling by formal weighing of the risk factors. We analysed survival of 3048 NSGCT patients with Cox regression and recursive partitioning for alternative classifications. Good, intermediate and poor prognosis groups were based on predicted 5-year survival. Classifications were further refined by subgrouping within the poor prognosis group. Performance was measured primarily by a bootstrap corrected c-statistic to indicate discriminative ability for future patients. The weights of the risk factors in the alternative classifications differed slightly from the implicit weights in the IGCC classification. Discriminative ability, however, did not increase clearly (IGCC classification, c ¼ 0.732; Cox classification, c ¼ 0.730; Recursive partitioning classification, c ¼ 0.709). Three subgroups could be identified within the poor prognosis groups, resulting in classifications with five prognostic groups and slightly better discriminative ability (c ¼ 0.740). In conclusion, the IGCC classification in three prognostic groups is largely supported by Cox regression and recursive partitioning. Cox regression was the most promising tool to define a more refined classification.

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Relative Risk Trees for Censored Survival Data

Cited by 357 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of glutathione S‐transferase polymorphisms and mutagen sensitivity as risk factors for the development of second primary tumors in patients previously diagnosed with early‐stage head and neck cancer

Evaluation of glutathione S‐transferase polymorphisms and mutagen sensitivity as risk factors for the development of second primary tumors in patients previously diagnosed with early‐stage head and neck cancer

Circulating angiopoietin-2 is a strong prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia

Survival of patients with nonseminomatous germ cell cancer: a review of the IGCC classification by Cox regression and recursive partitioning

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